ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КРОВИ И СИМПАТО-ВАГУСНОГО БАЛАНСА У СПОРТСМЕНОВ ВЫСОКОЙ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ
Ключевые слова:
гематологические показатели, эритроциты, биохимия плазмы, элитные спортсмены, пловцы
Аннотация
Цель: провести физиологическую характеристику гематологических, биохимических параметров крови и симпато-вагусного баланса автономной регуляции ритма сердца у спортсменов-пловцов элитной (МСМК, n = 12) и высокой (КМС, n = 23) квалификации. Материал и методы. Гематологические (n = 10) и биохимические (n = 11) показатели определяли в венозной крови с помощью автоматических анализаторов. Автономную регуляцию ритма сердца оценивали с помощью спектрального анализа сердечного ритма. Результаты. По сравнению с контролем у пловцов МСМК уровни RBC (+12,5 %, р < 0,01), Hb (+10,2 %, р < 0,01), МСНС (+9,7 %, р < 0,01) и Ht были повышены, а уровни MCV (–4,0 %, р < 0,01) и Leu (–17,4 %, р < 0,01) – снижены. У пловцов КМС выявлены сниженные уровни MCV (–2,0 %, р < 0,05) и Lym (–19 %, р < 0,01), но повышенный уровень МСНС (+2,5 %, р < 0,05). В обеих группах пловцов отмечались сниженные уровни IgM, IgA, триглицеридов, глюкозы и повышенные уровни ХСЛПВП. У элитных пловцов уровни фибриногена были ниже, чем в группе «Контроль». В группе МСМК уровни LF/HF были повышены
(р < 0,01), а % HF – снижены (р < 0,01) по сравнению с КМС и не отличались от группы «Контроль». Заключение. Функциональное состояние элитных пловцов в конце подготовительного этапа подготовки характеризуется развитием умеренной гемоконцентрации, сниженным уровнем MCV, признаками сниженной воспалительной активности и повышенного симпатического тонуса в регуляции ритма сердца.
Литература
1. Макарова Г.А., Холявко Ю.А., Поляев Б.А. Показатели биохимического состава крови в системе срочного и текущего контроля в видах спорта, направленных на развитие выносливости (авторское видение проблемы) // Лечебная физкультура и спортивная медицина. 2018. № 4. С. 28–37. [Makarova G.A., Holyavko Yu.A., Polyaev B.A. [Parameters of Blood Biochemistry in the Context of Operational and Permanent Control in Endurance Sports (The Authors’ Position)]. Lechebnaya fizkul'tura i sportivnaya meditsina [Physio-therapy and Sports Medicine], 2018, no. 4, pp. 28–37. (in Russ.)]
2. Banfi G., Roi G.S., Dolci A. Erythrocytes, Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume in Athletes Performing Races in Altitude Environment. Haematologica, 2000, vol. 85, p. 12.
3. Nader E., Skinner S., Romana M. et al. Blood Rheology: Key Parameters, Impact on Blood Flow, Role in Sickle Cell Disease and Effects of Exercise. Front Physiol, 2019, vol. 10, p. 1329. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01329
4. Boyadejiev N., Taralov Z. Red Blood Cell Variables in Highly Trained Pubescent Athletes: a Comparative Analysis. Br. J. Sports Med., 2000, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 200–204. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.34.3.200
5. Zelenkova I., Zotkin S., Korneev P. et al. Comprehensive Overview of Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Elite Athletes Across a Wide Range of Different Sporting Disciplines. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness., 2019, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 179–186. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08018-0
6. Kamandulis S., Juodsnukis A., Stanislovaitiene J. et al. Daily Resting Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Swimmers during 11 Weeks of Training. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health., 2020, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 2097. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062097
7. Manzi V., Castagna C., Padua E. et al. Dose-Response Relationship of Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Individualized Training Impulse in Marathon Runners. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2009, vol. 296, no. 6, pp. 1733–1740. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00054.2009
8. Vasse M., Paysant I., Soria J. et al. Down-Regulation of Fibrinogen Biosynthesis by IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13. Br. J. Haematol., 1996, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 955–961. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1731.x
9. Bouix D., Peyreigne C., Raynaud E. et al. Fibrinogen is Negatively Correlated with Aerobic Working Capacity in Football Players. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 1998, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 219–227.
10. Lang F., Busch G., Ritter M. et al. Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol. Rev., 1998, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 247–306. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.247
11. Brun J.F., Varlet-Marie E., Connes P., Aloulou I. Hemorheological Alterations Related to Training and Overtraining. Biorheology, 2010, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 95–115. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-2010-0563
12. Holloszy J.O. A Forty-Year Memoir of Research on the Regulation of Glucose Transport Into Muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, vol. 284, no. 3, pp. 453–467. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2002
13. Bakhareva A.S., Isaev A.P., Aminov A.S., Melnikova O.V. Hormonal Activity and Performance of Ski-Racers. Journal of Physi-cal Education and Sport, 2019, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2504–2507. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2019.04379
14. Montero D., Lundby C. Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume with Exercise Training. Compr Physiol, 2018, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 149–164. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180004
15. Petersen А.М., Pedersen B.K. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1154–1164. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
16. Walsh N.P., Gleeson M., Shephard R.J. et al. Position Statement. Part One: Immune Function and Exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev., 2011, vol. 17, pp. 6–63.
17. Prommer N., Wachsmuth N., Thieme I. Influence of Endurance Training During Childhood on Total Hemoglobin Mass. Front. Physiol., 2018, vol. 21, no. 9, p. 251. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00251
18. Szostak J., Laurant P. The Forgotten Face of Regular Physical Exercise: a 'Natural' Anti-Atherogenic Activity. Clin. Sci. (Lond)., 2011, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 91–106. DOI: 10.1042/CS20100520
19. Tall A.R. Exercise to Reduce Cardio-vascular Risk – How Much Is Enough? N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, vol. 347, no. 19, pp. 1522–1524. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe020117
20. Shaw D.M., Merien F., Braakhuis A. et al. T-Cells and Their Cytokine Production: The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Strenuous Exercise. Cytokine, 2018, vol. 104, pp. 136–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.001
2. Banfi G., Roi G.S., Dolci A. Erythrocytes, Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume in Athletes Performing Races in Altitude Environment. Haematologica, 2000, vol. 85, p. 12.
3. Nader E., Skinner S., Romana M. et al. Blood Rheology: Key Parameters, Impact on Blood Flow, Role in Sickle Cell Disease and Effects of Exercise. Front Physiol, 2019, vol. 10, p. 1329. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01329
4. Boyadejiev N., Taralov Z. Red Blood Cell Variables in Highly Trained Pubescent Athletes: a Comparative Analysis. Br. J. Sports Med., 2000, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 200–204. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.34.3.200
5. Zelenkova I., Zotkin S., Korneev P. et al. Comprehensive Overview of Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Elite Athletes Across a Wide Range of Different Sporting Disciplines. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness., 2019, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 179–186. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08018-0
6. Kamandulis S., Juodsnukis A., Stanislovaitiene J. et al. Daily Resting Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Swimmers during 11 Weeks of Training. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health., 2020, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 2097. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062097
7. Manzi V., Castagna C., Padua E. et al. Dose-Response Relationship of Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Individualized Training Impulse in Marathon Runners. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2009, vol. 296, no. 6, pp. 1733–1740. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00054.2009
8. Vasse M., Paysant I., Soria J. et al. Down-Regulation of Fibrinogen Biosynthesis by IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13. Br. J. Haematol., 1996, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 955–961. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1731.x
9. Bouix D., Peyreigne C., Raynaud E. et al. Fibrinogen is Negatively Correlated with Aerobic Working Capacity in Football Players. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 1998, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 219–227.
10. Lang F., Busch G., Ritter M. et al. Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol. Rev., 1998, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 247–306. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.247
11. Brun J.F., Varlet-Marie E., Connes P., Aloulou I. Hemorheological Alterations Related to Training and Overtraining. Biorheology, 2010, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 95–115. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-2010-0563
12. Holloszy J.O. A Forty-Year Memoir of Research on the Regulation of Glucose Transport Into Muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, vol. 284, no. 3, pp. 453–467. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2002
13. Bakhareva A.S., Isaev A.P., Aminov A.S., Melnikova O.V. Hormonal Activity and Performance of Ski-Racers. Journal of Physi-cal Education and Sport, 2019, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2504–2507. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2019.04379
14. Montero D., Lundby C. Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume with Exercise Training. Compr Physiol, 2018, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 149–164. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180004
15. Petersen А.М., Pedersen B.K. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1154–1164. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
16. Walsh N.P., Gleeson M., Shephard R.J. et al. Position Statement. Part One: Immune Function and Exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev., 2011, vol. 17, pp. 6–63.
17. Prommer N., Wachsmuth N., Thieme I. Influence of Endurance Training During Childhood on Total Hemoglobin Mass. Front. Physiol., 2018, vol. 21, no. 9, p. 251. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00251
18. Szostak J., Laurant P. The Forgotten Face of Regular Physical Exercise: a 'Natural' Anti-Atherogenic Activity. Clin. Sci. (Lond)., 2011, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 91–106. DOI: 10.1042/CS20100520
19. Tall A.R. Exercise to Reduce Cardio-vascular Risk – How Much Is Enough? N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, vol. 347, no. 19, pp. 1522–1524. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe020117
20. Shaw D.M., Merien F., Braakhuis A. et al. T-Cells and Their Cytokine Production: The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Strenuous Exercise. Cytokine, 2018, vol. 104, pp. 136–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.001
2. Banfi G., Roi G.S., Dolci A. Erythrocytes, Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume in Athletes Performing Races in Altitude Environment. Haematologica, 2000, vol. 85, p. 12.
3. Nader E., Skinner S., Romana M. et al. Blood Rheology: Key Parameters, Impact on Blood Flow, Role in Sickle Cell Disease and Effects of Exercise. Front Physiol, 2019, vol. 10, p. 1329. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01329
4. Boyadejiev N., Taralov Z. Red Blood Cell Variables in Highly Trained Pubescent Athletes: a Comparative Analysis. Br. J. Sports Med., 2000, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 200–204. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.34.3.200
5. Zelenkova I., Zotkin S., Korneev P. et al. Comprehensive Overview of Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Elite Athletes Across a Wide Range of Different Sporting Disciplines. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness., 2019, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 179–186. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08018-0
6. Kamandulis S., Juodsnukis A., Stanislovaitiene J. et al. Daily Resting Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Swimmers during 11 Weeks of Training. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health., 2020, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 2097. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062097
7. Manzi V., Castagna C., Padua E. et al. Dose-Response Relationship of Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Individualized Training Impulse in Marathon Runners. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2009, vol. 296, no. 6, pp. 1733–1740. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00054.2009
8. Vasse M., Paysant I., Soria J. et al. Down-Regulation of Fibrinogen Biosynthesis by IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13. Br. J. Haematol., 1996, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 955–961. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1731.x
9. Bouix D., Peyreigne C., Raynaud E. et al. Fibrinogen is Negatively Correlated with Aerobic Working Capacity in Football Players. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 1998, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 219–227.
10. Lang F., Busch G., Ritter M. et al. Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol. Rev., 1998, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 247–306. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.247
11. Brun J.F., Varlet-Marie E., Connes P., Aloulou I. Hemorheological Alterations Related to Training and Overtraining. Biorheology, 2010, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 95–115. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-2010-0563
12. Holloszy J.O. A Forty-Year Memoir of Research on the Regulation of Glucose Transport Into Muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, vol. 284, no. 3, pp. 453–467. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2002
13. Bakhareva A.S., Isaev A.P., Aminov A.S., Melnikova O.V. Hormonal Activity and Performance of Ski-Racers. Journal of Physi-cal Education and Sport, 2019, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2504–2507. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2019.04379
14. Montero D., Lundby C. Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume with Exercise Training. Compr Physiol, 2018, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 149–164. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180004
15. Petersen А.М., Pedersen B.K. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1154–1164. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
16. Walsh N.P., Gleeson M., Shephard R.J. et al. Position Statement. Part One: Immune Function and Exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev., 2011, vol. 17, pp. 6–63.
17. Prommer N., Wachsmuth N., Thieme I. Influence of Endurance Training During Childhood on Total Hemoglobin Mass. Front. Physiol., 2018, vol. 21, no. 9, p. 251. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00251
18. Szostak J., Laurant P. The Forgotten Face of Regular Physical Exercise: a 'Natural' Anti-Atherogenic Activity. Clin. Sci. (Lond)., 2011, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 91–106. DOI: 10.1042/CS20100520
19. Tall A.R. Exercise to Reduce Cardio-vascular Risk – How Much Is Enough? N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, vol. 347, no. 19, pp. 1522–1524. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe020117
20. Shaw D.M., Merien F., Braakhuis A. et al. T-Cells and Their Cytokine Production: The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Strenuous Exercise. Cytokine, 2018, vol. 104, pp. 136–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.001
References
1. Макарова Г.А., Холявко Ю.А., Поляев Б.А. Показатели биохимического состава крови в системе срочного и текущего контроля в видах спорта, направленных на развитие выносливости (авторское видение проблемы) // Лечебная физкультура и спортивная медицина. 2018. № 4. С. 28–37. [Makarova G.A., Holyavko Yu.A., Polyaev B.A. [Parameters of Blood Biochemistry in the Context of Operational and Permanent Control in Endurance Sports (The Authors’ Position)]. Lechebnaya fizkul'tura i sportivnaya meditsina [Physio-therapy and Sports Medicine], 2018, no. 4, pp. 28–37. (in Russ.)]2. Banfi G., Roi G.S., Dolci A. Erythrocytes, Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume in Athletes Performing Races in Altitude Environment. Haematologica, 2000, vol. 85, p. 12.
3. Nader E., Skinner S., Romana M. et al. Blood Rheology: Key Parameters, Impact on Blood Flow, Role in Sickle Cell Disease and Effects of Exercise. Front Physiol, 2019, vol. 10, p. 1329. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01329
4. Boyadejiev N., Taralov Z. Red Blood Cell Variables in Highly Trained Pubescent Athletes: a Comparative Analysis. Br. J. Sports Med., 2000, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 200–204. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.34.3.200
5. Zelenkova I., Zotkin S., Korneev P. et al. Comprehensive Overview of Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Elite Athletes Across a Wide Range of Different Sporting Disciplines. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness., 2019, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 179–186. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08018-0
6. Kamandulis S., Juodsnukis A., Stanislovaitiene J. et al. Daily Resting Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Swimmers during 11 Weeks of Training. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health., 2020, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 2097. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062097
7. Manzi V., Castagna C., Padua E. et al. Dose-Response Relationship of Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Individualized Training Impulse in Marathon Runners. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2009, vol. 296, no. 6, pp. 1733–1740. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00054.2009
8. Vasse M., Paysant I., Soria J. et al. Down-Regulation of Fibrinogen Biosynthesis by IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13. Br. J. Haematol., 1996, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 955–961. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1731.x
9. Bouix D., Peyreigne C., Raynaud E. et al. Fibrinogen is Negatively Correlated with Aerobic Working Capacity in Football Players. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 1998, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 219–227.
10. Lang F., Busch G., Ritter M. et al. Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol. Rev., 1998, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 247–306. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.247
11. Brun J.F., Varlet-Marie E., Connes P., Aloulou I. Hemorheological Alterations Related to Training and Overtraining. Biorheology, 2010, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 95–115. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-2010-0563
12. Holloszy J.O. A Forty-Year Memoir of Research on the Regulation of Glucose Transport Into Muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, vol. 284, no. 3, pp. 453–467. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2002
13. Bakhareva A.S., Isaev A.P., Aminov A.S., Melnikova O.V. Hormonal Activity and Performance of Ski-Racers. Journal of Physi-cal Education and Sport, 2019, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2504–2507. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2019.04379
14. Montero D., Lundby C. Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume with Exercise Training. Compr Physiol, 2018, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 149–164. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180004
15. Petersen А.М., Pedersen B.K. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1154–1164. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
16. Walsh N.P., Gleeson M., Shephard R.J. et al. Position Statement. Part One: Immune Function and Exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev., 2011, vol. 17, pp. 6–63.
17. Prommer N., Wachsmuth N., Thieme I. Influence of Endurance Training During Childhood on Total Hemoglobin Mass. Front. Physiol., 2018, vol. 21, no. 9, p. 251. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00251
18. Szostak J., Laurant P. The Forgotten Face of Regular Physical Exercise: a 'Natural' Anti-Atherogenic Activity. Clin. Sci. (Lond)., 2011, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 91–106. DOI: 10.1042/CS20100520
19. Tall A.R. Exercise to Reduce Cardio-vascular Risk – How Much Is Enough? N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, vol. 347, no. 19, pp. 1522–1524. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe020117
20. Shaw D.M., Merien F., Braakhuis A. et al. T-Cells and Their Cytokine Production: The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Strenuous Exercise. Cytokine, 2018, vol. 104, pp. 136–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.001
Опубликован
2021-05-26
Как цитировать
Бойков, В., & Мельников, А. (2021). ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КРОВИ И СИМПАТО-ВАГУСНОГО БАЛАНСА У СПОРТСМЕНОВ ВЫСОКОЙ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 21(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm210101
Выпуск
Раздел
Физиология
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