ПОВЫШЕНИЕ АНАЭРОБНОЙ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ БОРЦОВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА
Аннотация
Цель: изучить изменения морфофункциональных показателей борцов под влиянием тренировочного комплекса упражнений, направленного на повышение силы и скоростно-силовых качеств. Материалы и методы. Были исследованы борцы на поясах в количестве 19 человек, имеющих спортивную квалификацию от 1-го разряда до МСМК. Тренировочный комплекс, использованный в экспериментальной группе, состоял из упражнений на повышение собственной силы и на совершенствование скоростно-силовой выносливости, который выполнялся два раза в неделю в течение двух месяцев. Анаэробную производительность оценивали на ручном Monark Ergomedic 891 E (Германия) и ножном велоэргометре Monark Ergomedic 894 E (Германия). Педагогические тесты включали в себя подтягивания, отжимания, броски манекена и прыжок в длину с места. Обхватные размеры конечностей измеряли сантиметровой лентой, толщину кожно-жировой складки в области передней стенки живота, бицепса, трицепса, груди, бедра и нижнего угла лопатки определяли цифровым электронным калипером «КЭЦ-100». Анализатором жировой массы Tanita BC-543 (Япония) мы установили массу тела, мышечную массу, процентное содержание жира в организме. Результаты. В результате примененного тренировочного комплекса на повышение силы и скоростно-силовых качеств в экспериментальной группе борцов была положительная динамика показателей анаэробной производительности как мышц рук, так и мышц ног, тогда как в контрольной группе статистически значимых отличий до и после эксперимента не наблюдалось. Заключение. Использование дополнительных физических нагрузок, направленных на повышение силы и скоростно-силовых качеств у тренированных атлетов-борцов в течение двухмесячного периода, позволяет избирательно повысить анаэробную производительность мышц ног и рук за счет как морфологического (мышцы плечевого пояса), так и нервного (мышцы плечевого пояса и мышцы ног) факторов, что может быть использовано для корректировки физической подготовленности атлетов.
Литература
2. Comparison of Physical and Physiological Profiles in Elite and Amateur Young Wrestlers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1876–1883. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000833
3. Ronnestad B.R. et al. Dissimilar Effects of One-and Three-set Strength Training on Strength and Muscle Mass Gains in Upper and Lower Body in Untrained Subjects. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2007, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 157–163. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200702000-00028
4. Radaelli R. et al. Dose-Response of 1, 3, and 5 Sets of Resistance Exercise on Strength, Local Muscular Endurance, and Hypertrophy. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1349–1358. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000758
5. Methenitis S. et al. Fiber Type Composition and Rate of Force Development in Endurance-and Resistance-Trained Individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2019, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002150
6. Fitts R.H., McDonald K.S., Schluter J.M. The Determinants of Skeletal Muscle Force and Power: Their Adaptability with Changes in Activity Pattern. Journal of Biomechanics, 1991, vol. 24, pp. 111–122. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(91)90382-W
7. Gentil P., Soares S., Bottaro M. Single vs. MultiJoint Resistance Exercises: Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2. DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.24057
8. Zembron-Lacny A. et al. Heat Shock Protein 27 Response to Wrestling Training in Relation to the Muscle Damage and Inflammation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1221–1228. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001236
9. Horswill C.A., Scott J.R., Galea P. Comparison of Maximum Aerobic Power, Maximum Anaerobic Power, and Skinfold Thickness of Elite and Nonelite Junior Wrestlers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1989, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 165–168. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1024894
10. Marshall P.W.M., McEwen M., Robbins D.W. Strength and Neuromuscular Adaptation Following One, Four, and Eight Sets of High Intensity Resistance Exercise in Trained Males. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011, vol. 111, no. 12, pp. 3007–3016. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1944-x
11. Ahtiainen J.P. et al. Muscle Hypertrophy, Hormonal Adaptations and Strength Development During Strength Training in Strength-Trained and Untrained Men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003, vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 555–563. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-003-0833-3
12. Nikooie R., Cheraghi M., Mohamadipour F. Physiological Determinants of Wrestling Success in Elite Iranian Senior and Junior Greco-Roman Wrestlers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2017, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 219–226. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06017-5
13. Otto R.M.A., Carpinelli R.N. Critical Analysis of the Single Versus Multiple Set Debate. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2006, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 32–57.
14. Peterson M.D., Rhea M.R., Alvar B.A. Applications of the Dose-Response for Muscular Strength Development: Review of Meta-Analytic Efficacy and Reliability for Designing Training Prescription. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 950–958. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200511000-00038
15. Peterson M.D., Rhea M.R., Alvar B.A. Maximizing Strength Development in Athletes: a Meta-Analysis to Determine the Dose-Response Relationship. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2004, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 377–382. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200405000-00031
16. Chaabene H. et al. Physical and Physiological Attributes of Wrestlers: an Update. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1411–1442. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001738
17. Franchini E. et al. Physical Fitness and Anthropometrical Profile of the Brazilian Male Judo Team. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2007, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 59–67. DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.26.59
18. Franchini E. et al. Physiological Profiles of Elite Judo Athletes. Sports Medicine, 2011, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 147–166. DOI: 10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000
19. Schoenfeld B.J. et al. Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but not Strength in Trained Men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2019, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 94. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764
20. Casals C. et al. Special Judo Fitness Test Level and Anthropometric Profile of Elite Spanish Judo Athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1229–1235. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001261
21. Harridge S.D.R. et al. Sprint Training, in Vitro and in Vivo Muscle Function, and Myosin Heavy Chain Expression. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 442–449. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.2.442
22. Ralston G.W. et al. The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: a Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 2017, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 2585–2601. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0762-7
23. James L.P. et al. Towards a Determination of the Physiological Characteristics Distinguishing Successful Mixed Martial Arts Athletes: a Systematic Review of Combat Sport Literature. Sports Medicine, 2016, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1525–1551. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0493-1
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3. Ronnestad B.R. et al. Dissimilar Effects of One-and Three-set Strength Training on Strength and Muscle Mass Gains in Upper and Lower Body in Untrained Subjects. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2007, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 157–163. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200702000-00028
4. Radaelli R. et al. Dose-Response of 1, 3, and 5 Sets of Resistance Exercise on Strength, Local Muscular Endurance, and Hypertrophy. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1349–1358. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000758
5. Methenitis S. et al. Fiber Type Composition and Rate of Force Development in Endurance-and Resistance-Trained Individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2019, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002150
6. Fitts R.H., McDonald K.S., Schluter J.M. The Determinants of Skeletal Muscle Force and Power: Their Adaptability with Changes in Activity Pattern. Journal of Biomechanics, 1991, vol. 24, pp. 111–122. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(91)90382-W
7. Gentil P., Soares S., Bottaro M. Single vs. MultiJoint Resistance Exercises: Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2. DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.24057
8. Zembron-Lacny A. et al. Heat Shock Protein 27 Response to Wrestling Training in Relation to the Muscle Damage and Inflammation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1221–1228. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001236
9. Horswill C.A., Scott J.R., Galea P. Comparison of Maximum Aerobic Power, Maximum Anaerobic Power, and Skinfold Thickness of Elite and Nonelite Junior Wrestlers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1989, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 165–168. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1024894
10. Marshall P.W.M., McEwen M., Robbins D.W. Strength and Neuromuscular Adaptation Following One, Four, and Eight Sets of High Intensity Resistance Exercise in Trained Males. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011, vol. 111, no. 12, pp. 3007–3016. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1944-x
11. Ahtiainen J.P. et al. Muscle Hypertrophy, Hormonal Adaptations and Strength Development During Strength Training in Strength-Trained and Untrained Men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003, vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 555–563. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-003-0833-3
12. Nikooie R., Cheraghi M., Mohamadipour F. Physiological Determinants of Wrestling Success in Elite Iranian Senior and Junior Greco-Roman Wrestlers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2017, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 219–226. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06017-5
13. Otto R.M.A., Carpinelli R.N. Critical Analysis of the Single Versus Multiple Set Debate. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2006, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 32–57.
14. Peterson M.D., Rhea M.R., Alvar B.A. Applications of the Dose-Response for Muscular Strength Development: Review of Meta-Analytic Efficacy and Reliability for Designing Training Prescription. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 950–958. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200511000-00038
15. Peterson M.D., Rhea M.R., Alvar B.A. Maximizing Strength Development in Athletes: a Meta-Analysis to Determine the Dose-Response Relationship. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2004, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 377–382. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200405000-00031
16. Chaabene H. et al. Physical and Physiological Attributes of Wrestlers: an Update. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1411–1442. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001738
17. Franchini E. et al. Physical Fitness and Anthropometrical Profile of the Brazilian Male Judo Team. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2007, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 59–67. DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.26.59
18. Franchini E. et al. Physiological Profiles of Elite Judo Athletes. Sports Medicine, 2011, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 147–166. DOI: 10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000
19. Schoenfeld B.J. et al. Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but not Strength in Trained Men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2019, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 94. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764
20. Casals C. et al. Special Judo Fitness Test Level and Anthropometric Profile of Elite Spanish Judo Athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1229–1235. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001261
21. Harridge S.D.R. et al. Sprint Training, in Vitro and in Vivo Muscle Function, and Myosin Heavy Chain Expression. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 442–449. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.2.442
22. Ralston G.W. et al. The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: a Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 2017, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 2585–2601. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0762-7
23. James L.P. et al. Towards a Determination of the Physiological Characteristics Distinguishing Successful Mixed Martial Arts Athletes: a Systematic Review of Combat Sport Literature. Sports Medicine, 2016, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1525–1551. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0493-1
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