ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ЭНТРОПИЯ СПОРТИВНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ: ПУТИ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ
Ключевые слова:
экспертная оценка, спортивная техника, технические ошибки, неопределенность, энтропия, качественный биомеханический анализ
Аннотация
Aim. This paper critically explores qualitative biomechanical analysis. The aim of the study was to investigate information entropy in the perception of sports technique. Material and methods. The research is based on expert assessments. The coaches recorded typical errors and provided their integral assessments of sports technique while watching the video of sprint running (250 fps). Results. The study showed the low correspondence between the results of qualitative biomechanical analysis provided in the form of expert assessments. The reasons for this were the subjective perception of sports technique and the uncertainty of the technique itself. The study showed that the Shannon entropy could be a suitable indicator of athletic performance. Besides that, entropy allows estimating the accuracy of formulations that describe technique errors. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to improve qualitative biomechanical analysis by reducing information entropy in the perception of sports technique.
Литература
1. Bernstein, N. The Coordination and regulation of movements: Internet Archive / N. Bernstein // Pergamon Press Ltd. – https://archive.org/details/bernsteinthecoordinationandregulationofmovements/page/n4/mode/2up (accessed 23.02.2020)
2. Бешелев, С.Д. Математические и статистические методы экспертных оценок / С.Д. Бешелев, Ф.Г. Гуревич. – М.: Статистика, 1980. – 263 с.
3. Донской, Д.Д. Биомеханика с основами спортивной техники / Д.Д. Донской. – М.: Физ. культура и спорт, 1971. – 287 с.
4. Federolf, P. et al. The application of principal component analysis to quantify technique in sports / P. Federolf et al. // Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. – 2014.
5. Folland, J.P. et al. Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance / J.P. Folland et al. // Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. – 2017. – No. 7 (49). – P. 1412–1423.
6. Graubner, R. Biomechanical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics / R. Graubner, E. Nixdorf // New Studies in Athletics. – 2011. – No. 1/2 (26). – P. 19–53.
7. Knudson, D. Qualitative biomechanical principles for application in coaching / D. Knudson // Sports Biomechanics. – 2007. – No. 1 (6). – P. 109–118.
8. Knudson, D. Kinesiology’s Tower of Babel: Advancing the Field with Consistent Nomenclature / D. Knudson // Quest. – 2019. – No. 1 (71). – P. 42–50.
9. Коренберг, В.Б. Основы качественного биомеханического анализа / В.Б. Коренберг. – М.: Физ. культура и спорт, 1979. – 208 с.
10. Kredel, R. et al. Eyetracking technology and the dynamics of natural gaze behavior in sports: A systematic review of 40 years of research / R. Kredel et al. // Frontiers in Psychology. – 2017. – No. 8.
11. Lees, A. Technique analysis in sports: a critical review / A. Lees // Journal of Sports Sciences. – 2002. – No. 10 (20). – P. 813–828.
12. McKethan, R.N. Qualitative analysis of the overhand throw by undergraduates in education using a distance learning computer program / R.N. McKethan et al. // Perceptual and Motor Skills. – 2003. – No. 3 (97). – P. 979–989.
13. Moore, L.J. Perceptual-cognitive expertise when refereeing the scrum in rugby union / L.J. Moore et al. // Journal of Sports Sciences. – 2019. – No. 15 (37). – P. 1778–1786.
14. Morrison, C. Refinement of Terminology in Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement / C. Morrison // Perceptual and Motor Skills. – 2004. – No. 1 (99). – P. 105–106.
15. Morrison, C.S. Thoughts regarding the Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement / C.S. Morrison // Perceptual and Motor Skills. – 2000. – No. 1 (91). – P. 259–260.
16. Pinheiro, V. Diagnosing Motor Skills – A Practical Approach / V. Pinheiro // Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance. – 1994. – No. 2 (65). – P. 49–54.
17. Pomerantsev, A.A. The Eidetic of Motor Action: Eidolon Maturity and Correctness Estimation / A.A. Pomerantsev // Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science (ICISTIS 2019). – 2019.
18. Roads, B. Using highlighting to train attentional expertise / B. Roads, M.C. Mozer, T.A. Busey // PLoS ONE. – 2016. – No. 1 (11).
19. Shadmehr, R. Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control / R. Shadmehr, M.A. Smith, J.W. Krakauer // Annual Review of Neuroscience. – 2010. – No. 1 (33). – P. 89–108.
20. Shannon, C.E. A Mathematical Theory of Communication / C.E. Shannon. – 1948.
21. Spitz, J. Visual search behaviors of association football referees during assessment of foul play situations / J. Spitz et al. // Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. – 2016. – No. 1 (1).
22. Thornton, I.M. The visual perception of human locomotion / I.M. Thornton, J. Pinto, M. Shiffrar // Cognitive Neuropsychology. – 1998. – No. 6–8 (15). – P. 535–552.
23. Тюпа, В.В. Биомеханика бега / В.В. Тюпа. – М.: Дивизион ТВТ, 2019. – 290 с.
24. Wiener, N. Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine / N. Wiener. – Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1985. – 212 p.
2. Beshelev S.D., Gurevich F.G. Mathematical and Statistical Methods of Expert Assessments. Moscow, Statistica Publ., 1980. 263 p.
3. Donskoy D.D. Biomechanics with the Basics of Sports Technique. Moscow, Physical Culture and Sport Publ., 1971. 287 p.
4. Federolf P. et al. The Application of Principal Component Analysis to Quantify Technique in Sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 2014.
5. Folland J.P. et al. Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2017, no. 7 (49), pp. 1412–1423. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001245
6. Graubner R., Nixdorf E. Biomechanical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics. New Studies in Athletics, 2011, no. 1/2 (26), pp. 19–53. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318191c8e7
7. Knudson D. Qualitative Biomechanical Principles for Application in Coaching. Sports Biomechanics, 2007, no. 1 (6), pp. 109–118. DOI: 10.1080/14763140601062567
8. Knudson D. Kinesiology’s Tower of Babel: Advancing the Field with Consistent Nomenclature. Quest, 2019, no. 1 (71), pp. 42–50. DOI: 10.1080/00336297.2018.1492427
9. Korenberg V.B. Fundamentals of Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis. Moscow, Physical Culture and Sport Publ., 1979. 208 p.
10. Kredel R. et al. Eye-Tracking Technology and the Dynamics of Natural Gaze Behavior in Sports: A Systematic Review of 40 Years of Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, no. (8). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01845
11. Lees A. Technique Analysis in Sports: a Critical Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, no. 10 (20), pp. 813–828. DOI: 10.1080/026404102320675657
12. McKethan R.N. et al. Qualitative Analysis of the Overhand Throw by Undergraduates in Education Using a Distance Learning Computer Program. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2003, no. 3 (97), pp. 979–989. DOI: 10.2466/pms.2003.97.3.979
13. Moore L.J. et al. Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise when Refereeing the Scrum in Rugby Union. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019, no. 15 (37), pp. 1778–1786. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1594568
14. Morrison C. Refinement of Terminology in Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2004, no. 1 (99), pp. 105–106. DOI: 10.2466/pms.99.1.105-106
15. Morrison C.S. Thoughts Regarding the Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2000, no. 1 (91), pp. 259–260. DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.91.1.259
16. Pinheiro V. Diagnosing Motor Skills—A Practical Approach. Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance, 1994, no. 2 (65), pp. 49–54. DOI: 10.1080/07303084.1994.10606857
17. Pomerantsev A.A. The Eidetic of Motor Action: Eidolon Maturity and Correctness Estimation. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science (ICISTIS 2019), 2019. DOI: 10.2991/icistis-19.2019.51
18. Roads B., Mozer M.C., Busey T.A. Using Highlighting to Train Attentional Expertise. PLoS ONE, 2016, no. 1 (11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146266
19. Shadmehr R., Smith M.A., Krakauer J.W. Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2010, no. 1 (33), pp. 89–108. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135
20. Shannon C.E. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. 1948. DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x
21. Spitz J. et al. Visual Search Behaviors of Association Football Referees During Assessment of Foul Play Situations. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2016, no. 1 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s41235-016-0013-8
22. Thornton I.M., Pinto J., Shiffrar M. The Visual Perception of Human Locomotion. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1998, no. 6–8 (15), pp. 535–552. DOI: 10.1080/026432998381014
23. Tyupa V.V. Biomechanics of Running. Moscow, TVT Divizion Publ., 2019. 290 p.
24. Wiener N. Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1985. 212 p.
2. Бешелев, С.Д. Математические и статистические методы экспертных оценок / С.Д. Бешелев, Ф.Г. Гуревич. – М.: Статистика, 1980. – 263 с.
3. Донской, Д.Д. Биомеханика с основами спортивной техники / Д.Д. Донской. – М.: Физ. культура и спорт, 1971. – 287 с.
4. Federolf, P. et al. The application of principal component analysis to quantify technique in sports / P. Federolf et al. // Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. – 2014.
5. Folland, J.P. et al. Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance / J.P. Folland et al. // Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. – 2017. – No. 7 (49). – P. 1412–1423.
6. Graubner, R. Biomechanical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics / R. Graubner, E. Nixdorf // New Studies in Athletics. – 2011. – No. 1/2 (26). – P. 19–53.
7. Knudson, D. Qualitative biomechanical principles for application in coaching / D. Knudson // Sports Biomechanics. – 2007. – No. 1 (6). – P. 109–118.
8. Knudson, D. Kinesiology’s Tower of Babel: Advancing the Field with Consistent Nomenclature / D. Knudson // Quest. – 2019. – No. 1 (71). – P. 42–50.
9. Коренберг, В.Б. Основы качественного биомеханического анализа / В.Б. Коренберг. – М.: Физ. культура и спорт, 1979. – 208 с.
10. Kredel, R. et al. Eyetracking technology and the dynamics of natural gaze behavior in sports: A systematic review of 40 years of research / R. Kredel et al. // Frontiers in Psychology. – 2017. – No. 8.
11. Lees, A. Technique analysis in sports: a critical review / A. Lees // Journal of Sports Sciences. – 2002. – No. 10 (20). – P. 813–828.
12. McKethan, R.N. Qualitative analysis of the overhand throw by undergraduates in education using a distance learning computer program / R.N. McKethan et al. // Perceptual and Motor Skills. – 2003. – No. 3 (97). – P. 979–989.
13. Moore, L.J. Perceptual-cognitive expertise when refereeing the scrum in rugby union / L.J. Moore et al. // Journal of Sports Sciences. – 2019. – No. 15 (37). – P. 1778–1786.
14. Morrison, C. Refinement of Terminology in Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement / C. Morrison // Perceptual and Motor Skills. – 2004. – No. 1 (99). – P. 105–106.
15. Morrison, C.S. Thoughts regarding the Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement / C.S. Morrison // Perceptual and Motor Skills. – 2000. – No. 1 (91). – P. 259–260.
16. Pinheiro, V. Diagnosing Motor Skills – A Practical Approach / V. Pinheiro // Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance. – 1994. – No. 2 (65). – P. 49–54.
17. Pomerantsev, A.A. The Eidetic of Motor Action: Eidolon Maturity and Correctness Estimation / A.A. Pomerantsev // Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science (ICISTIS 2019). – 2019.
18. Roads, B. Using highlighting to train attentional expertise / B. Roads, M.C. Mozer, T.A. Busey // PLoS ONE. – 2016. – No. 1 (11).
19. Shadmehr, R. Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control / R. Shadmehr, M.A. Smith, J.W. Krakauer // Annual Review of Neuroscience. – 2010. – No. 1 (33). – P. 89–108.
20. Shannon, C.E. A Mathematical Theory of Communication / C.E. Shannon. – 1948.
21. Spitz, J. Visual search behaviors of association football referees during assessment of foul play situations / J. Spitz et al. // Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. – 2016. – No. 1 (1).
22. Thornton, I.M. The visual perception of human locomotion / I.M. Thornton, J. Pinto, M. Shiffrar // Cognitive Neuropsychology. – 1998. – No. 6–8 (15). – P. 535–552.
23. Тюпа, В.В. Биомеханика бега / В.В. Тюпа. – М.: Дивизион ТВТ, 2019. – 290 с.
24. Wiener, N. Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine / N. Wiener. – Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1985. – 212 p.
References
1. Bernstein N. The Coordination And Regulation Of Movements: Internet Archive. Pergamon Press Ltd. Available at: https://archive.org/details/bernsteinthecoordinationandregulationofmovements/page/n4/mode/2up (accessed 23.02.2020)2. Beshelev S.D., Gurevich F.G. Mathematical and Statistical Methods of Expert Assessments. Moscow, Statistica Publ., 1980. 263 p.
3. Donskoy D.D. Biomechanics with the Basics of Sports Technique. Moscow, Physical Culture and Sport Publ., 1971. 287 p.
4. Federolf P. et al. The Application of Principal Component Analysis to Quantify Technique in Sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 2014.
5. Folland J.P. et al. Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2017, no. 7 (49), pp. 1412–1423. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001245
6. Graubner R., Nixdorf E. Biomechanical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics. New Studies in Athletics, 2011, no. 1/2 (26), pp. 19–53. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318191c8e7
7. Knudson D. Qualitative Biomechanical Principles for Application in Coaching. Sports Biomechanics, 2007, no. 1 (6), pp. 109–118. DOI: 10.1080/14763140601062567
8. Knudson D. Kinesiology’s Tower of Babel: Advancing the Field with Consistent Nomenclature. Quest, 2019, no. 1 (71), pp. 42–50. DOI: 10.1080/00336297.2018.1492427
9. Korenberg V.B. Fundamentals of Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis. Moscow, Physical Culture and Sport Publ., 1979. 208 p.
10. Kredel R. et al. Eye-Tracking Technology and the Dynamics of Natural Gaze Behavior in Sports: A Systematic Review of 40 Years of Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, no. (8). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01845
11. Lees A. Technique Analysis in Sports: a Critical Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, no. 10 (20), pp. 813–828. DOI: 10.1080/026404102320675657
12. McKethan R.N. et al. Qualitative Analysis of the Overhand Throw by Undergraduates in Education Using a Distance Learning Computer Program. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2003, no. 3 (97), pp. 979–989. DOI: 10.2466/pms.2003.97.3.979
13. Moore L.J. et al. Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise when Refereeing the Scrum in Rugby Union. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019, no. 15 (37), pp. 1778–1786. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1594568
14. Morrison C. Refinement of Terminology in Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2004, no. 1 (99), pp. 105–106. DOI: 10.2466/pms.99.1.105-106
15. Morrison C.S. Thoughts Regarding the Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2000, no. 1 (91), pp. 259–260. DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.91.1.259
16. Pinheiro V. Diagnosing Motor Skills—A Practical Approach. Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance, 1994, no. 2 (65), pp. 49–54. DOI: 10.1080/07303084.1994.10606857
17. Pomerantsev A.A. The Eidetic of Motor Action: Eidolon Maturity and Correctness Estimation. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science (ICISTIS 2019), 2019. DOI: 10.2991/icistis-19.2019.51
18. Roads B., Mozer M.C., Busey T.A. Using Highlighting to Train Attentional Expertise. PLoS ONE, 2016, no. 1 (11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146266
19. Shadmehr R., Smith M.A., Krakauer J.W. Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2010, no. 1 (33), pp. 89–108. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135
20. Shannon C.E. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. 1948. DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x
21. Spitz J. et al. Visual Search Behaviors of Association Football Referees During Assessment of Foul Play Situations. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2016, no. 1 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s41235-016-0013-8
22. Thornton I.M., Pinto J., Shiffrar M. The Visual Perception of Human Locomotion. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1998, no. 6–8 (15), pp. 535–552. DOI: 10.1080/026432998381014
23. Tyupa V.V. Biomechanics of Running. Moscow, TVT Divizion Publ., 2019. 290 p.
24. Wiener N. Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1985. 212 p.
Опубликован
2022-12-19
Как цитировать
Померанцев, А. (2022). ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ЭНТРОПИЯ СПОРТИВНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ: ПУТИ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 22(3), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm220314
Выпуск
Раздел
Спортивная тренировка
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