АНАЛИЗ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КАРНИТИНОВОГО ОБМЕНА ЮНЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ МЕТОДОМ ТАНДЕМНОЙ ХРОМАТО-МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИИ
Аннотация
Цель: провести сравнительный анализ уровня метаболитов карнитинового обмена у юношей в зависимости от уровня спортивной подготовки. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 12 спортсменов (плавание) и 7 подростков, не имеющих регулярной интенсивной физической нагрузки, в качестве контрольной группы. Профили свободного карнитина (C0) и ацилкарнитинов в плазме крови были исследованы с помощью тандемной хромато-масс-спектрометрии. Результаты. Показатели карнитинового обмена у юных спортсменов и нетренированных юношей в пределах нормы. Анализ основных метаболических параметров и профилей ацилкарнитинов в плазме крови показал отсутствие значимых отличий в показателях карнитинового обмена (свободного и связанного карнитина, ацилкарнитинов) между двумя группами. Установлены значимые различия между коэффициентами ацилкарнитин/карнитин, измеренными в сравниваемых группах (p = 0,018). Показаны значимые положительные корреляции между содержанием связанного карнитина и уровнем С14 (тетрадеканоилкарнитин) (r = 0,65; p = 0,022), а также коэффициентом АК/С0 и уровнем С14 (r = 0,72; p = 0,007) в плазме крови спортсменов. Заключение. Дальнейшее исследование карнитинового обмена у спортсменов даст возможность прогнозирования состояния физической работоспособности и определит меры профилактики ухудшения состояния здоровья при интенсивных физических нагрузках.
Литература
2. Barnett C., Costill D.L., Vukovich M.D. et al. Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Muscle and Blood Carnitine Content and Lactate Accumulation During High-Intensity Sprint Cycling. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 1994, vol. 4, iss. 3, pp. 280–288. DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.4.3.280
3. Bene J., Hadzsiev K., Melegh B. Role of Carnitine and its Derivatives in the Development and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrition and Diabetes, 2018, vol. 8, p. 8. DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0017-1
4. El-Gharbawy A., Vockley J. Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Myopathy: Defects of Fatty Acid Oxidation and the Carnitine Shuttle System. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 2018, vol. 65, pp. 317–335. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.11.006
5. Gandevia S.C. Spinal and Supraspinal Factors in Human Muscle Fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 2001, vol. 8, iss. 4, pp. 1725–1789. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
6. Hoppel Ch. The Role of Carnitine in Normal and Altered Fatty Acid Metabolism. American Journal of Kidney Diseases: the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2003, vol. 41, pp. 4–12. DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(03)00112-4
7. Horowitz J.F., Klein S. Lipid Metabolism During Endurance Exercise. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000, vol. 72, suppl. 2, pp. 558–563. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.2.558S
8. Irrcher I., Adhihetty P.J., Joseph A.M. et al. Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Muscle by Endurance Exercise. Sports Medicine, 2003, vol. 33, iss. 11, pp. 783–793. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200333110-00001
9. Lennon D.L.F., Shrago E.R., Madden M. et al. Dietary Carnitine Intake Related to Skeletal Muscle and Plasma Carnitine Concentrations in Adult Men and Women. Food Chemistry, 1984, vol. 86, pp. 137–142. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/43.2.234
10. Löster H., Miehe K., Punzel M. et al. Prolonged Oral L-carnitine Substitution Increases Bicycle Ergometer Performance in Patients with Severe, Ischemically Induced Cardiac Insufficiency. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 1999, vol. 13, pp. 537–546. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007883822625
11. McCann M.R., De la Rosa M.V.G., Rosania G.R., Stringer K.A. L-Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Mitochondrial Biomarkers for Precision Medicine. Metabolites, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 1, p. 51. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010051
12. Melanson E.L., MacLean P.S., Hill J.O. Exercise Improves Fat Metabolism in Muscle but Does not Increase 24-h Fat Oxidation. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 2009, vol. 37, iss. 2, pp. 93–101. DOI: 10.1097/JES.0b013e31819c2f0b
13. Novakova K., Kummer O., Bouitbir J. et al. Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on the Body Carnitine Pool, Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Physical Performance in Male Vegetarians. European Journal of Nutrition, 2016, vol. 55, iss. 1, pp. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0838-9
14. Petersen K., Hansen C.B., Aagaard P., Madsen K. Muscle Mechanical Characteristics in Fatigue and Recovery from a Marathon Race in Highly Trained Runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007, vol. 101, pp. 385–396. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0504-x
15. Rebouche C.J. Carnitine Function and Requirements During the Life Cycle. FASEB, 1992, vol. 6, pp. 3379–3386.
16. Reuter S.E., Evans A.M. Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2012, vol. 51, pp. 553–572. DOI: 10.1007/BF03261931
17. Warren J.L., Hunter G.R., Gower B.A. et al. Exercise Effects on Mitochondrial Function and Lipid Metabolism during Energy Balance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2020, vol. 52, iss. 4, pp. 827–834. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002190
References
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3. Bene J., Hadzsiev K., Melegh B. Role of Carnitine and its Derivatives in the Development and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrition and Diabetes, 2018, vol. 8, p. 8. DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0017-1
4. El-Gharbawy A., Vockley J. Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Myopathy: Defects of Fatty Acid Oxidation and the Carnitine Shuttle System. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 2018, vol. 65, pp. 317–335. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.11.006
5. Gandevia S.C. Spinal and Supraspinal Factors in Human Muscle Fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 2001, vol. 8, iss. 4, pp. 1725–1789. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
6. Hoppel Ch. The Role of Carnitine in Normal and Altered Fatty Acid Metabolism. American Journal of Kidney Diseases: the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2003, vol. 41, pp. 4–12. DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(03)00112-4
7. Horowitz J.F., Klein S. Lipid Metabolism During Endurance Exercise. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000, vol. 72, suppl. 2, pp. 558–563. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.2.558S
8. Irrcher I., Adhihetty P.J., Joseph A.M. et al. Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Muscle by Endurance Exercise. Sports Medicine, 2003, vol. 33, iss. 11, pp. 783–793. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200333110-00001
9. Lennon D.L.F., Shrago E.R., Madden M. et al. Dietary Carnitine Intake Related to Skeletal Muscle and Plasma Carnitine Concentrations in Adult Men and Women. Food Chemistry, 1984, vol. 86, pp. 137–142. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/43.2.234
10. Löster H., Miehe K., Punzel M. et al. Prolonged Oral L-carnitine Substitution Increases Bicycle Ergometer Performance in Patients with Severe, Ischemically Induced Cardiac Insufficiency. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 1999, vol. 13, pp. 537–546. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007883822625
11. McCann M.R., De la Rosa M.V.G., Rosania G.R., Stringer K.A. L-Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Mitochondrial Biomarkers for Precision Medicine. Metabolites, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 1, p. 51. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010051
12. Melanson E.L., MacLean P.S., Hill J.O. Exercise Improves Fat Metabolism in Muscle but Does not Increase 24-h Fat Oxidation. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 2009, vol. 37, iss. 2, pp. 93–101. DOI: 10.1097/JES.0b013e31819c2f0b
13. Novakova K., Kummer O., Bouitbir J. et al. Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on the Body Carnitine Pool, Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Physical Performance in Male Vegetarians. European Journal of Nutrition, 2016, vol. 55, iss. 1, pp. 207–217. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0838-9
14. Petersen K., Hansen C.B., Aagaard P., Madsen K. Muscle Mechanical Characteristics in Fatigue and Recovery from a Marathon Race in Highly Trained Runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007, vol. 101, pp. 385–396. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0504-x
15. Rebouche C.J. Carnitine Function and Requirements During the Life Cycle. FASEB, 1992, vol. 6, pp. 3379–3386.
16. Reuter S.E., Evans A.M. Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2012, vol. 51, pp. 553–572. DOI: 10.1007/BF03261931
17. Warren J.L., Hunter G.R., Gower B.A. et al. Exercise Effects on Mitochondrial Function and Lipid Metabolism during Energy Balance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2020, vol. 52, iss. 4, pp. 827–834. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002190
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