ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ЭМГ-АКТИВНОСТИ МЫШЦ ГОЛЕНИ ПРИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОГО УСИЛИЯ, ОТРАЖАЮЩИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПАРНОЙ АССОЦИАТИВНОЙ СТИМУЛЯЦИИ
Ключевые слова:
парная ассоциативная стимуляция, электромиограмма, ЭМГ-активность, произвольное движение
Аннотация
Цель: выявление изменений ЭМГ-активности мышц голени при выполнении максимального подошвенного сгибания стопы под влиянием разных режимов парной ассоциативной стимуляции (ПАС), воздействующей на моторную кору больших полушарий и на афферентные волокна дорсальных корешков спинного мозга в области позвонков L2–L3. Материалы и методы. Работа проведена с участием 16 здоровых бегунов на короткие и средние дистанции. Использовали два режима нанесения ПАС – с 10 мс опережением прибытия коркового стимула к спинальным мотонейронам (ПАС10) и с 20 мс опережением прибытия спинального стимула (ПАС–20). Результаты. Сеанс ПАС10 приводил к значительному увеличению амплитуды и частоты турнов ЭМГ рабочих мышц сразу после стимуляции и в течение 10 мин после неё. У мышцы GM сразу после завершения сеанса стимуляции прирост активности составил 42 % в фазе развития напряжения и 39 % в фазе расслабления. На 10-й минуте увеличение составляло 30 и 34 % относительно фона. Cеанс ПАС–20 снижал амплитуду и частоту турнов мышечной электроактивности при выполнении максимального произвольного подошвенного сгибания стопы. Средняя частота турнов ЭМГ после сеанса ПАС–20 снижалась на 5–20 % по завершении стимуляции с последующим восстановлением к уровню фона через 10 мин. Заключение. Направленность изменений электрической активности мышц голени при максимальном подошвенном сгибании стопы определяется порядком поступления и интервалом между прибытием к целевым мотонейронам потенциалов от коркового и спинального стимулов в ходе ПАС. Выявленные изменения электромиографических параметров в процессе реализации максимального произвольного усилия, вероятно, объясняются модификацией кортикоспинальных синаптических связей на уровне спинальных мотонейронов, обусловленной разными режимами нанесения ПАС и, как следствие, реорганизацией рекрутирования двигательных единиц рабочих мышц.
Литература
1. Базян, А.С. Молекулярно-нейрохимические и нейрофизиологические механизмы пластичности: реализация поведения, обучение, консолидация, хранение и воспроизведение памяти / А.С. Базян // Успехи физиол. наук. – 2013. – Т. 44, № 4. – С. 3–23.
2. Базян, А.С. Модель Хебба и современные представления о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах памяти / А.С. Базян // XIX международная научно-техническая конференция «НЕЙРОИНФОРМАТИКА-2017», Москва, 02–06 окт. 2018 г.: сб. науч. тр.: в 2 ч. – М.: Нац. исследоват. ядерный ун-т «МИФИ», 2017. – Ч. 2. – С. 149–158.
3. Поверхностная ЭМГ: применимость в биомеханическом анализе движений и возможности для практической реабилитации / А.М. Котов-Смоленский, А.Е. Хижникова, А.С. Клочков и др. // Физиология человека. – 2021. – Т. 47, № 2. – С. 122–134. DOI: 10.31857/S0131164621020041
4. Электрическая и магнитная стимуляция структур нервной системы как дополнительное средство повышения двигательных качеств у спортсменов / Р.М. Городничев, С.М. Иванов, И.С. Примак и др. // Физ. воспитание и спортивная тренировка. – 2025. – № 3 (53). – С. 175–182.
5. A novel paired associative stimulation protocol with a high-frequency peripheral component: A review on results in spinal cord injury rehabilitation / A. Shulga, P. Lioumis, E. Kirveskari et al. // European Journal of Neuroscience. – 2021. – Vol. 53, No. 9. – P. 3242–3257. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15191
6. Bunday, K.L. Motor recovery after spinal cord injury enhanced by strengthening corticospinal synaptic transmission / K.L. Bunday, M.A. Perez // Current Biology. – 2012. – Vol. 22, No. 24. – P. 2355–2361. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.046
7. Effects of paired associated stimulation with different stimulation position on motor cortex excitability and upper limb motor function in patients with cerebral infarction / Ya.F. Sui, L.Q. Tong, X.Yu. Zhang et al. // Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. – 2021. – Vol. 90. – P. 363–369. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jocn.2021.06.028. EDN CYJUNK
8. Enabling and promoting walking rehabilitation by paired associative stimulation after incomplete paraplegia: a case report / A. Shulga, S. Savolainen, E. Kirveskari, J.P. Mäkelä // Spinal Cord Series and Cases. – 2020. – Vol. 6, No. 1. – P. 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-0320-7
9. Feldman, D.E. The spike-timing dependence of plasticity / D.E. Feldman // Neuron. – 2012. – Vol. 75, No. 4. – P. 556–571.
10. Integration of sensory, spinal, and volitional descending inputs in regulation of human locomotion / Y. Gerasimenko, T. Moshonkina, A. Savochin et al. // Journal of Neurophysiology. – 2016. – Vol. 116, No. 1. – P. 98–105. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00146.2016
11. Ivanov, S.M. The Effect of Paired Associative Stimulation on the Speed–Strength Parameters of Human Voluntary Movement / S.M. Ivanov, V.N. Shlyakhtov, R.M. Gorodnichev // Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. – 2024. – Vol. 60, No. 6. – P. 2547–2556. DOI: 10.1134/ S0022093024060322
12. Long-term paired associative stimulation enhances motor output of the tetraplegic hand / A. Tolmacheva, S. Savolainen, E. Kirveskari et al. // Journal of neurotrauma. – 2017. – Vol. 34. – No. 18. – P. 2668–2674.
13. Neurophysiological Changes After Paired Brain and Spinal Cord Stimulation Coupled With Locomotor Training in Human Spinal Cord Injury / T.S. Pulverenti, M. Zaaya, M. Grabowski et al. // Frontiers in Neurology. – 2021. – Vol. 12. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627975
14. Principles of neural science / E.R. Kandel, J.D. Koester, S.H. Mack, S.A. Siegelbaum (eds.). – 6th ed. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 2021. – 1700 p.
15. Roy, F.D. Interaction of transcutaneous spinal stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in human leg muscles / F.D. Roy, D. Bosgra, R.B. Stein // Experimental Brain Research. – 2014. – Vol. 232, No. 6. – P. 1717–1728. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3864-6
16. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review / A. Baroni, A. Antonioni, G. Fregna et al. // Neurology International. – 2024. – Vol. 16, No. 3. – P. 567–589. DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030043
17. The Forces Generated by Agonist Muscles during Isometric Contractions Arise from Motor Unit Synergies / A. Del Vecchio, C. Marconi Germer, T.M. Kinfe et al. // Journal of Neuroscience. – 2023. – Vol. 43, No. 16. – P. 2860–2873. DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1265-22.2023
18. The identification of extensive samples of motor units in human muscles reveals diverse effects of neuromodulatory inputs on the rate coding / S. Avrillon, F. Hug, R.M. Enoka et al. // eLife. – 2024. – Vol. 13. DOI: 10.7554/elife.97085
19. The Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability / Y. Al'joboori, F. Lenham, L.D. Duffell et al. // Frontiers in Neuroscience. – 2021. – Vol. 15, No. APR. – P. 749042. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.749042
20. The use of F-response in defining interstimulus intervals appropriate for LTP-like plasticity induction in lower limb spinal paired associative stimulation / A. Shulga, P. Lioumis, E. Kirveskari et al. // Journal of Neuroscience Methods. – 2015. – Vol. 242. – С. 112–117.
2. Bazyan A.S. [The Hebbian Model and Modern Concepts of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Memory]. XIX mezhdunarodnaya NAUChNO-tehnicheskaya konferenciya NEJROINFORMATIKA-2017. Sbornik nauchny`h trudov [XIX International SCIENTIFIC and Technical Conference “NEURO-INFORMATICS-2017”. Collection of Scientific Papers], 2017, vol.pt. 2, pp. 149–158. (in Russ.)
3. Kotov-Smolensky A.M., Khizhnikova A.E., Klochkov A.S. et al. [Surface EMG. Applicability in Biomechanical Analysis of Movements and Possibilities for Practical Rehabilitation]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Human Physiology], 2021, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 122–134. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.31857/ S0131164621020041
4. Gorodnichev R.M., Ivanov S.M., Primak I.S. et al. [Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of Nervous System Structures as an Additional Means of Improving Motor Qualities in Athletes]. Fizicheskoe vospitanie i sportivnaya trenirovka [Physical Education and Sports Training], 2025, no. 3 (53), pp. 175–182. (in Russ.)
5. Shulga A., Lioumis P., Kirveskari E. et al. A Novel Paired Associative Stimulation Protocol with a High-frequency Peripheral Component: A Review on Results in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2021, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 3242–3257. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15191
6. Bunday K.L., Perez M.A. Motor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury Enhanced by Strengthening Corticospinal Synaptic Transmission. Current Biology, 2012, vol. 22, no. 24, pp. 2355–2361. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.046
7. Sui Ya.F., Tong L.Q., Zhang X.Yu. et al. Effects of Paired Associated Stimulation with Different Stimulation Position on Motor Cortex Excitability and Upper Limb Motor Function in Patients with Cerebral Infarction. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2021, vol. 90, pp. 363–369. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jocn.2021.06.028
8. Shulga A., Savolainen S., Kirveskari E., Mäkelä J.P. Enabling and Promoting Walking Rehabilitation by Paired Associative Stimulation After Incomplete Paraplegia: a Case Report. Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 2020, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-0320-7
9. Feldman D.E. The Spike-timing Dependence of Plasticity. Neuron, 2012, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 556–571. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.001
10. Gerasimenko Y., Moshonkina T., Savochin A. et al. Integration of Sensory, Spinal, and Volitional Descending Inputs in Regulation of Human Locomotion. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2016, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 98–105. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00146.2016
11. Ivanov S.M., Shlyakhtov V.N., Gorodnichev R.M. The Effect of Paired Associative Stimulation on the Speed–Strength Parameters of Human Voluntary Movement. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, 2024, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2547–2556. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093024060322
12. Tolmacheva A., Savolainen S., Kirveskari E. et al. Long-term Paired Associative Stimulation Enhances Motor Output of the Tetraplegic Hand. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2017, vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 2668–2674. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.4996
13. Pulverenti T.S., Zaaya M., Grabowski M. et al. Neurophysiological Changes After Paired Brain and Spinal Cord Stimulation Coupled With Locomotor Training in Human Spinal Cord Injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 2021, vol. 12. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627975
14. Kandel E.R., Koester J.D., Mack S.H., Siegelbaum S.A. Principles of Neural Science. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2021. 1700 p.
15. Roy F.D., Bosgra D., Stein R.B. Interaction of Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Human Leg Muscles. Experimental Brain Research, 2014, vol. 232, no. 6, pp. 1717–1728. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3864-6
16. Baroni A., Antonioni A., Fregna G. et al. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review. Neurology International, 2024, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 567–589. DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030043
17. Del Vecchio A., Marconi Germer C., Kinfe T.M. et al. The Forces Generated by Agonist Muscles during Isometric Contractions Arise from Motor Unit Synergies. Journal of Neuroscience, 2023, vol. 43, no. 16, pp. 2860–2873. DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1265-22.2023
18. Avrillon S., Hug F., Enoka R.M. et al. The Identification of Extensive Samples of Motor Units in Human Muscles Reveals Diverse Effects of Neuromodulatory Inputs on the Rate Coding. eLife, 2024, vol. 13. DOI: 10.7554/elife.97085
19. Al'joboori Y., Lenham F., Duffell L.D. et al. The Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2021, vol. 15, no. APR, 749042. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.749042
20. Shulga A., Lioumis P., Kirveskari E. et al. The Use of F-response in Defining Interstimulus Intervals Appropriate for LTP-like Plasticity Induction in Lower Limb Spinal Paired Associative Stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2015, vol. 242, pp. 112–117. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.01.012
2. Базян, А.С. Модель Хебба и современные представления о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах памяти / А.С. Базян // XIX международная научно-техническая конференция «НЕЙРОИНФОРМАТИКА-2017», Москва, 02–06 окт. 2018 г.: сб. науч. тр.: в 2 ч. – М.: Нац. исследоват. ядерный ун-т «МИФИ», 2017. – Ч. 2. – С. 149–158.
3. Поверхностная ЭМГ: применимость в биомеханическом анализе движений и возможности для практической реабилитации / А.М. Котов-Смоленский, А.Е. Хижникова, А.С. Клочков и др. // Физиология человека. – 2021. – Т. 47, № 2. – С. 122–134. DOI: 10.31857/S0131164621020041
4. Электрическая и магнитная стимуляция структур нервной системы как дополнительное средство повышения двигательных качеств у спортсменов / Р.М. Городничев, С.М. Иванов, И.С. Примак и др. // Физ. воспитание и спортивная тренировка. – 2025. – № 3 (53). – С. 175–182.
5. A novel paired associative stimulation protocol with a high-frequency peripheral component: A review on results in spinal cord injury rehabilitation / A. Shulga, P. Lioumis, E. Kirveskari et al. // European Journal of Neuroscience. – 2021. – Vol. 53, No. 9. – P. 3242–3257. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15191
6. Bunday, K.L. Motor recovery after spinal cord injury enhanced by strengthening corticospinal synaptic transmission / K.L. Bunday, M.A. Perez // Current Biology. – 2012. – Vol. 22, No. 24. – P. 2355–2361. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.046
7. Effects of paired associated stimulation with different stimulation position on motor cortex excitability and upper limb motor function in patients with cerebral infarction / Ya.F. Sui, L.Q. Tong, X.Yu. Zhang et al. // Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. – 2021. – Vol. 90. – P. 363–369. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jocn.2021.06.028. EDN CYJUNK
8. Enabling and promoting walking rehabilitation by paired associative stimulation after incomplete paraplegia: a case report / A. Shulga, S. Savolainen, E. Kirveskari, J.P. Mäkelä // Spinal Cord Series and Cases. – 2020. – Vol. 6, No. 1. – P. 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-0320-7
9. Feldman, D.E. The spike-timing dependence of plasticity / D.E. Feldman // Neuron. – 2012. – Vol. 75, No. 4. – P. 556–571.
10. Integration of sensory, spinal, and volitional descending inputs in regulation of human locomotion / Y. Gerasimenko, T. Moshonkina, A. Savochin et al. // Journal of Neurophysiology. – 2016. – Vol. 116, No. 1. – P. 98–105. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00146.2016
11. Ivanov, S.M. The Effect of Paired Associative Stimulation on the Speed–Strength Parameters of Human Voluntary Movement / S.M. Ivanov, V.N. Shlyakhtov, R.M. Gorodnichev // Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. – 2024. – Vol. 60, No. 6. – P. 2547–2556. DOI: 10.1134/ S0022093024060322
12. Long-term paired associative stimulation enhances motor output of the tetraplegic hand / A. Tolmacheva, S. Savolainen, E. Kirveskari et al. // Journal of neurotrauma. – 2017. – Vol. 34. – No. 18. – P. 2668–2674.
13. Neurophysiological Changes After Paired Brain and Spinal Cord Stimulation Coupled With Locomotor Training in Human Spinal Cord Injury / T.S. Pulverenti, M. Zaaya, M. Grabowski et al. // Frontiers in Neurology. – 2021. – Vol. 12. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627975
14. Principles of neural science / E.R. Kandel, J.D. Koester, S.H. Mack, S.A. Siegelbaum (eds.). – 6th ed. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 2021. – 1700 p.
15. Roy, F.D. Interaction of transcutaneous spinal stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in human leg muscles / F.D. Roy, D. Bosgra, R.B. Stein // Experimental Brain Research. – 2014. – Vol. 232, No. 6. – P. 1717–1728. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3864-6
16. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review / A. Baroni, A. Antonioni, G. Fregna et al. // Neurology International. – 2024. – Vol. 16, No. 3. – P. 567–589. DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030043
17. The Forces Generated by Agonist Muscles during Isometric Contractions Arise from Motor Unit Synergies / A. Del Vecchio, C. Marconi Germer, T.M. Kinfe et al. // Journal of Neuroscience. – 2023. – Vol. 43, No. 16. – P. 2860–2873. DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1265-22.2023
18. The identification of extensive samples of motor units in human muscles reveals diverse effects of neuromodulatory inputs on the rate coding / S. Avrillon, F. Hug, R.M. Enoka et al. // eLife. – 2024. – Vol. 13. DOI: 10.7554/elife.97085
19. The Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability / Y. Al'joboori, F. Lenham, L.D. Duffell et al. // Frontiers in Neuroscience. – 2021. – Vol. 15, No. APR. – P. 749042. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.749042
20. The use of F-response in defining interstimulus intervals appropriate for LTP-like plasticity induction in lower limb spinal paired associative stimulation / A. Shulga, P. Lioumis, E. Kirveskari et al. // Journal of Neuroscience Methods. – 2015. – Vol. 242. – С. 112–117.
References
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7. Sui Ya.F., Tong L.Q., Zhang X.Yu. et al. Effects of Paired Associated Stimulation with Different Stimulation Position on Motor Cortex Excitability and Upper Limb Motor Function in Patients with Cerebral Infarction. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2021, vol. 90, pp. 363–369. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jocn.2021.06.028
8. Shulga A., Savolainen S., Kirveskari E., Mäkelä J.P. Enabling and Promoting Walking Rehabilitation by Paired Associative Stimulation After Incomplete Paraplegia: a Case Report. Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 2020, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-0320-7
9. Feldman D.E. The Spike-timing Dependence of Plasticity. Neuron, 2012, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 556–571. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.001
10. Gerasimenko Y., Moshonkina T., Savochin A. et al. Integration of Sensory, Spinal, and Volitional Descending Inputs in Regulation of Human Locomotion. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2016, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 98–105. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00146.2016
11. Ivanov S.M., Shlyakhtov V.N., Gorodnichev R.M. The Effect of Paired Associative Stimulation on the Speed–Strength Parameters of Human Voluntary Movement. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, 2024, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2547–2556. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093024060322
12. Tolmacheva A., Savolainen S., Kirveskari E. et al. Long-term Paired Associative Stimulation Enhances Motor Output of the Tetraplegic Hand. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2017, vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 2668–2674. DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.4996
13. Pulverenti T.S., Zaaya M., Grabowski M. et al. Neurophysiological Changes After Paired Brain and Spinal Cord Stimulation Coupled With Locomotor Training in Human Spinal Cord Injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 2021, vol. 12. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627975
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15. Roy F.D., Bosgra D., Stein R.B. Interaction of Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Human Leg Muscles. Experimental Brain Research, 2014, vol. 232, no. 6, pp. 1717–1728. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3864-6
16. Baroni A., Antonioni A., Fregna G. et al. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review. Neurology International, 2024, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 567–589. DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030043
17. Del Vecchio A., Marconi Germer C., Kinfe T.M. et al. The Forces Generated by Agonist Muscles during Isometric Contractions Arise from Motor Unit Synergies. Journal of Neuroscience, 2023, vol. 43, no. 16, pp. 2860–2873. DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1265-22.2023
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Опубликован
2026-10-02
Как цитировать
Иванов, С., Городничев, Р., & Шляхтов, В. (2026). ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ЭМГ-АКТИВНОСТИ МЫШЦ ГОЛЕНИ ПРИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОГО УСИЛИЯ, ОТРАЖАЮЩИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПАРНОЙ АССОЦИАТИВНОЙ СТИМУЛЯЦИИ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 26(S1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm26s103
Выпуск
Раздел
Физиология
Copyright (c) 2026 Человек. Спорт. Медицина
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