ОЦЕНКА ПОРОГОВ НЕЙРОМЫШЕЧНОГО УТОМЛЕНИЯ У ПОДРОСТКОВ-БЕГУНОВ НА КОРОТКИЕ ДИСТАНЦИИ
Ключевые слова:
эффективность, выносливость, мышцы, устойчивость, тренировка
Аннотация
Цель. Нейромышечное утомление определяет результативность в беге на короткие дистанции, особенно среди спортсменов подросткового возраста. Целью настоящего исследования является оценка влияния 8-недельной программы нейромышечной тренировки на пороги утомления и их влияние на результативность в беге на короткие дистанции. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 36 бегунов на короткие дистанции в возрасте 15–17 лет, обучающиеся в трех разных академиях города Лахора. Тест на бег на 40 метров проводили с использованием лазерной системы хронометража Brower Timing Systems с последующей электромиографической оценкой vastus lateralis и biceps femoris во время максимальных спринтерских попыток. Субъективную оценку утомляемости регистрировали с использованием шкалы воспринимаемого напряжения Борга (Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE) с диапазоном 6–20 баллов. Результаты. Зарегистрированы значимые улучшения результативности в беге на 10 м (p = 0,012) и 40 м (p = 0,003), что выражалось в сокращении времени прохождения этих дистанций после исследования. Отмечено увеличение среднеквадратичной амплитуды мышц vastus lateralis (p = 0,008) и biceps femoris (p = 0,021) по данным ЭМГ-анализа, что свидетельствует об улучшении нейромышечной активации. Кроме того, зарегистрировано значимое (p < 0,05) снижение оценки воспринимаемого напряжения, свидетельствующее о повышении устойчивости к утомлению. Заключение. Нейромышечная тренировка повышает пороги утомления у подростков-бегунов на короткие дистанции за счет отсрочки наступления утомления. Последующие исследования могут быть направлены на изучение долгосрочных адаптаций при участии спортсменок для большей обобщаемости и применимости результатов.
Литература
1. Alba-Jiménez C., Moreno-Doutres D., Peña J. Trends Assessing Neuromuscular Fatigue in Team Sports: a Narrative Review. Sports, 2022, vol. 10 (3), 33. DOI: 10.3390/sports10030033
2. Alcaraz P.E., Marín-Cascales E., Blazevich A.J. et al. SCS 6th Annual Meeting – EEVFA – 11th International Congress of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise, Athens, Greece, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/sports12050126
3. Amann M., Sidhu S.K., McNeil C.J., Gandevia S.C. Critical Considerations of the Contribu-tion of the Corticomotoneuronal Pathway to Central Fatigue. The Journal of Physiology, 2022, vol. 600 (24), pp. 5203–5214. DOI: 10.1113/JP282564#support-information-section
4. Archacki D., Zieliński J., Pospieszna B. et al. The Contribution of Energy Systems During 15-second Sprint Exercise in Athletes of Different Sports Specializations. Peer Journal, 2024, vol. 12, e17863. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17863
5. Bassi J. Resistance Training Methods and Repeated-sprint Ability: A Meta-analysis. Availa-ble at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=theses
6. Behrens M., Gube M., Chaabene H. et al. Fatigue and Human Performance: an Updated Framework. Sports Medicine, 2023, vol. 53 (1), pp. 7–31. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2
7. Butt M.Z., Gillani S.M., Ali B. Awareness of Sport Massage Therapy among University Level Football Players in Pakistan. THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS), 2021, vol. 5 (1), pp. 75–90. DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v5i1.1023
8. Eisenmann J.C., Hettler J., Till K. The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: a Narrative Review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2024, vol. 36 (4), pp. 211–223. DOI: 10.1123/pes.2024-0015
9. Groeber M., Stafilidis S., Baca A. The Effect of Stretch – Shortening Magnitude and Muscle-Tendon Unit Length on Performance Enhancement in a Stretch – Shortening Cycle. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), 14605. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2
10. Jayanthi N., Schley S., Cumming S.P. et al. Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: a Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-response During Maturation. Sports Health, 2022, vol. 14 (1), pp. 142–153. DOI: 10.1177/19417381211056088
11. Ngo D., Kazmi M. Power and Strength Training Plan for Off and On Season for Teenage Runners. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/862398/Kazmi_Ngo.pdf?sequence=2
12. Oliver J.L., Ramachandran A.K., Singh U. et al. The Effects of Strength, Plyometric and Combined Training on Strength, Power and Speed Characteristics in High-level, Highly Trained Male Youth Soccer Players: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 2024, vol. 54 (3), pp. 623–643. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01944-8
13. Sánchez Pastor A., García-Sánchez C., Marquina Nieto M., de la Rubia A. Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, vol. 20 (6), p. 4833. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064833
14. Takarada Y. Enhancing Human Strength via Neural Modulation: Mechanisms of Maximal Voluntary Contraction and Translational Interventions. Frontiers in Physiology, 2025, vol. 16, 1695665. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1695665
15. Tumkur Anil Kumar N., Oliver J.L., Lloyd R.S. et al. The Influence of Growth, Maturation and Resistance Training on Muscle-tendon and Neuromuscular Adaptations: a Narrative Review. Sports, 2021, vol. 9 (5), р. 59. DOI: 10.3390/sports9050059
16. Vila Pouca M.C., Parente M.P., Jorge R.M., Ashton-Miller J.A. Injuries in Muscle-tendon-bone Units: a Systematic Review Considering the Role of Passive Tissue Fatigue. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2021, vol. 9 (8), 23259671211020731. DOI: 10.1177/23259671211020731
17. Zheng T., Kong R., Liang X. et al. Effects of Plyometric Training on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction Performance in Adolescent Soccer Player: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2025, vol. 20 (4), e0319548. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319548
2. Alcaraz P.E., Marín-Cascales E., Blazevich A.J. et al. SCS 6th Annual Meeting – EEVFA – 11th International Congress of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise, Athens, Greece, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/sports12050126
3. Amann M., Sidhu S.K., McNeil C.J., Gandevia S.C. Critical Considerations of the Contribu-tion of the Corticomotoneuronal Pathway to Central Fatigue. The Journal of Physiology, 2022, vol. 600 (24), pp. 5203–5214. DOI: 10.1113/JP282564#support-information-section
4. Archacki D., Zieliński J., Pospieszna B. et al. The Contribution of Energy Systems During 15-second Sprint Exercise in Athletes of Different Sports Specializations. Peer Journal, 2024, vol. 12, e17863. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17863
5. Bassi J. Resistance Training Methods and Repeated-sprint Ability: A Meta-analysis. Availa-ble at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=theses
6. Behrens M., Gube M., Chaabene H. et al. Fatigue and Human Performance: an Updated Framework. Sports Medicine, 2023, vol. 53 (1), pp. 7–31. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2
7. Butt M.Z., Gillani S.M., Ali B. Awareness of Sport Massage Therapy among University Level Football Players in Pakistan. THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS), 2021, vol. 5 (1), pp. 75–90. DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v5i1.1023
8. Eisenmann J.C., Hettler J., Till K. The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: a Narrative Review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2024, vol. 36 (4), pp. 211–223. DOI: 10.1123/pes.2024-0015
9. Groeber M., Stafilidis S., Baca A. The Effect of Stretch – Shortening Magnitude and Muscle-Tendon Unit Length on Performance Enhancement in a Stretch – Shortening Cycle. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), 14605. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2
10. Jayanthi N., Schley S., Cumming S.P. et al. Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: a Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-response During Maturation. Sports Health, 2022, vol. 14 (1), pp. 142–153. DOI: 10.1177/19417381211056088
11. Ngo D., Kazmi M. Power and Strength Training Plan for Off and On Season for Teenage Runners. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/862398/Kazmi_Ngo.pdf?sequence=2
12. Oliver J.L., Ramachandran A.K., Singh U. et al. The Effects of Strength, Plyometric and Combined Training on Strength, Power and Speed Characteristics in High-level, Highly Trained Male Youth Soccer Players: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 2024, vol. 54 (3), pp. 623–643. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01944-8
13. Sánchez Pastor A., García-Sánchez C., Marquina Nieto M., de la Rubia A. Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, vol. 20 (6), p. 4833. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064833
14. Takarada Y. Enhancing Human Strength via Neural Modulation: Mechanisms of Maximal Voluntary Contraction and Translational Interventions. Frontiers in Physiology, 2025, vol. 16, 1695665. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1695665
15. Tumkur Anil Kumar N., Oliver J.L., Lloyd R.S. et al. The Influence of Growth, Maturation and Resistance Training on Muscle-tendon and Neuromuscular Adaptations: a Narrative Review. Sports, 2021, vol. 9 (5), р. 59. DOI: 10.3390/sports9050059
16. Vila Pouca M.C., Parente M.P., Jorge R.M., Ashton-Miller J.A. Injuries in Muscle-tendon-bone Units: a Systematic Review Considering the Role of Passive Tissue Fatigue. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2021, vol. 9 (8), 23259671211020731. DOI: 10.1177/23259671211020731
17. Zheng T., Kong R., Liang X. et al. Effects of Plyometric Training on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction Performance in Adolescent Soccer Player: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2025, vol. 20 (4), e0319548. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319548
2. Alcaraz P.E., Marín-Cascales E., Blazevich A.J. et al. SCS 6th Annual Meeting – EEVFA – 11th International Congress of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise, Athens, Greece, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/sports12050126
3. Amann M., Sidhu S.K., McNeil C.J., Gandevia S.C. Critical Considerations of the Contribu-tion of the Corticomotoneuronal Pathway to Central Fatigue. The Journal of Physiology, 2022, vol. 600 (24), pp. 5203–5214. DOI: 10.1113/JP282564#support-information-section
4. Archacki D., Zieliński J., Pospieszna B. et al. The Contribution of Energy Systems During 15-second Sprint Exercise in Athletes of Different Sports Specializations. Peer Journal, 2024, vol. 12, e17863. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17863
5. Bassi J. Resistance Training Methods and Repeated-sprint Ability: A Meta-analysis. Availa-ble at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=theses
6. Behrens M., Gube M., Chaabene H. et al. Fatigue and Human Performance: an Updated Framework. Sports Medicine, 2023, vol. 53 (1), pp. 7–31. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2
7. Butt M.Z., Gillani S.M., Ali B. Awareness of Sport Massage Therapy among University Level Football Players in Pakistan. THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS), 2021, vol. 5 (1), pp. 75–90. DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v5i1.1023
8. Eisenmann J.C., Hettler J., Till K. The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: a Narrative Review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2024, vol. 36 (4), pp. 211–223. DOI: 10.1123/pes.2024-0015
9. Groeber M., Stafilidis S., Baca A. The Effect of Stretch – Shortening Magnitude and Muscle-Tendon Unit Length on Performance Enhancement in a Stretch – Shortening Cycle. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), 14605. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2
10. Jayanthi N., Schley S., Cumming S.P. et al. Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: a Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-response During Maturation. Sports Health, 2022, vol. 14 (1), pp. 142–153. DOI: 10.1177/19417381211056088
11. Ngo D., Kazmi M. Power and Strength Training Plan for Off and On Season for Teenage Runners. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/862398/Kazmi_Ngo.pdf?sequence=2
12. Oliver J.L., Ramachandran A.K., Singh U. et al. The Effects of Strength, Plyometric and Combined Training on Strength, Power and Speed Characteristics in High-level, Highly Trained Male Youth Soccer Players: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 2024, vol. 54 (3), pp. 623–643. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01944-8
13. Sánchez Pastor A., García-Sánchez C., Marquina Nieto M., de la Rubia A. Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, vol. 20 (6), p. 4833. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064833
14. Takarada Y. Enhancing Human Strength via Neural Modulation: Mechanisms of Maximal Voluntary Contraction and Translational Interventions. Frontiers in Physiology, 2025, vol. 16, 1695665. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1695665
15. Tumkur Anil Kumar N., Oliver J.L., Lloyd R.S. et al. The Influence of Growth, Maturation and Resistance Training on Muscle-tendon and Neuromuscular Adaptations: a Narrative Review. Sports, 2021, vol. 9 (5), р. 59. DOI: 10.3390/sports9050059
16. Vila Pouca M.C., Parente M.P., Jorge R.M., Ashton-Miller J.A. Injuries in Muscle-tendon-bone Units: a Systematic Review Considering the Role of Passive Tissue Fatigue. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2021, vol. 9 (8), 23259671211020731. DOI: 10.1177/23259671211020731
17. Zheng T., Kong R., Liang X. et al. Effects of Plyometric Training on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction Performance in Adolescent Soccer Player: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2025, vol. 20 (4), e0319548. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319548
References
1. Alba-Jiménez C., Moreno-Doutres D., Peña J. Trends Assessing Neuromuscular Fatigue in Team Sports: a Narrative Review. Sports, 2022, vol. 10 (3), 33. DOI: 10.3390/sports100300332. Alcaraz P.E., Marín-Cascales E., Blazevich A.J. et al. SCS 6th Annual Meeting – EEVFA – 11th International Congress of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise, Athens, Greece, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/sports12050126
3. Amann M., Sidhu S.K., McNeil C.J., Gandevia S.C. Critical Considerations of the Contribu-tion of the Corticomotoneuronal Pathway to Central Fatigue. The Journal of Physiology, 2022, vol. 600 (24), pp. 5203–5214. DOI: 10.1113/JP282564#support-information-section
4. Archacki D., Zieliński J., Pospieszna B. et al. The Contribution of Energy Systems During 15-second Sprint Exercise in Athletes of Different Sports Specializations. Peer Journal, 2024, vol. 12, e17863. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17863
5. Bassi J. Resistance Training Methods and Repeated-sprint Ability: A Meta-analysis. Availa-ble at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=theses
6. Behrens M., Gube M., Chaabene H. et al. Fatigue and Human Performance: an Updated Framework. Sports Medicine, 2023, vol. 53 (1), pp. 7–31. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2
7. Butt M.Z., Gillani S.M., Ali B. Awareness of Sport Massage Therapy among University Level Football Players in Pakistan. THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS), 2021, vol. 5 (1), pp. 75–90. DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v5i1.1023
8. Eisenmann J.C., Hettler J., Till K. The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: a Narrative Review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2024, vol. 36 (4), pp. 211–223. DOI: 10.1123/pes.2024-0015
9. Groeber M., Stafilidis S., Baca A. The Effect of Stretch – Shortening Magnitude and Muscle-Tendon Unit Length on Performance Enhancement in a Stretch – Shortening Cycle. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), 14605. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2
10. Jayanthi N., Schley S., Cumming S.P. et al. Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: a Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-response During Maturation. Sports Health, 2022, vol. 14 (1), pp. 142–153. DOI: 10.1177/19417381211056088
11. Ngo D., Kazmi M. Power and Strength Training Plan for Off and On Season for Teenage Runners. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/862398/Kazmi_Ngo.pdf?sequence=2
12. Oliver J.L., Ramachandran A.K., Singh U. et al. The Effects of Strength, Plyometric and Combined Training on Strength, Power and Speed Characteristics in High-level, Highly Trained Male Youth Soccer Players: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 2024, vol. 54 (3), pp. 623–643. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01944-8
13. Sánchez Pastor A., García-Sánchez C., Marquina Nieto M., de la Rubia A. Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, vol. 20 (6), p. 4833. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064833
14. Takarada Y. Enhancing Human Strength via Neural Modulation: Mechanisms of Maximal Voluntary Contraction and Translational Interventions. Frontiers in Physiology, 2025, vol. 16, 1695665. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1695665
15. Tumkur Anil Kumar N., Oliver J.L., Lloyd R.S. et al. The Influence of Growth, Maturation and Resistance Training on Muscle-tendon and Neuromuscular Adaptations: a Narrative Review. Sports, 2021, vol. 9 (5), р. 59. DOI: 10.3390/sports9050059
16. Vila Pouca M.C., Parente M.P., Jorge R.M., Ashton-Miller J.A. Injuries in Muscle-tendon-bone Units: a Systematic Review Considering the Role of Passive Tissue Fatigue. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2021, vol. 9 (8), 23259671211020731. DOI: 10.1177/23259671211020731
17. Zheng T., Kong R., Liang X. et al. Effects of Plyometric Training on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction Performance in Adolescent Soccer Player: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2025, vol. 20 (4), e0319548. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319548
Опубликован
2026-10-09
Как цитировать
Марват, М., Икбал, Я., Ариф, Т., Фарах, Х., & Хан, М. (2026). ОЦЕНКА ПОРОГОВ НЕЙРОМЫШЕЧНОГО УТОМЛЕНИЯ У ПОДРОСТКОВ-БЕГУНОВ НА КОРОТКИЕ ДИСТАНЦИИ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 26(3), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm260316
Выпуск
Раздел
Спортивная тренировка
Copyright (c) 2026 Человек. Спорт. Медицина
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