КРОССФИТ КАК АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЮ СНИЖЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ У ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ БОРЦОВ В КОНЦЕ СЕЗОНА
Аннотация
Цель: оценить эффективность кроссфит-тренировок, чтобы снизить потерю производительности элитных борцов во время тридцатидневного отдыха. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие 23 элитных спортсмена, выступавших на прошлом национальном чемпионате. Все участники были поделены на две группы – контрольная группа и группа, практиковавшая занятия по системе кроссфит. Кроссфит-группа последовательно выполняла 5 подтягиваний, 10 отжиманий и 15 приседаний на протяжении 20 минут в течение 30 дней 6 раз в неделю (Кроссфит Синди). Контрольная группа не выполняла никаких упражнений в период отдыха. До и после тридцатидневного отдыха были измерены антропометрические показатели и максимальное потребление кислорода (аэробные возможности), а также проведены тестирования для упражнений «жим лежа» и «приседания» (максимальная динамическая сила), измерены сила ног и сила захвата (изометрическая сила), проведен тест на выполнение подтягиваний и отжиманий (силовая выносливость). Результаты. Через 30 дней в контрольной группе масса тела и процент содержания жира (BF %) значительно возросли, в то время как все показатели производительности значительно снизились. Максимальная динамическая сила и аэробные возможности значительно сократились в кроссфит-группе, при этом масса тела, процент содержания жира в организме, изометрическая сила и силовая выносливость остались неизменными. Более того, сокращение показателей максимального потребления кислорода и ухудшение результатов теста на выполнение упражнения «жим лёжа» были выше в контрольной группе. Заключение. Настоящее исследование показало, что двадцатиминутный комплекс кроссфит-упражнений эффективен для поддержания формы у элитных спортсменов во время тридцатидневного отдыха
Литература
2. Alpay B., Hazar S. Comparison and Evaluation of Some Respiratory and Circulation Parameters of Turkish Wrestling National Team Athletes with Niğde University Wrestling Team Athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 2006, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 25–33.
3. Bangsbo J., Iaia F.M., Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test. Sports medicine, 2008, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 37–51. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838010-00004
4. Butcher S.J., Neyedly T.J., Horvey K.J., Benko C.R. Do Physiological Measures Predict Selected Crossfit Benchmark Performance? Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, pp. 241–247. DOI: 10.2147/OAJSM.S88265
5. Chaabene H., Negra Y., Bouguezzi R., Mkaouer B., Franchini E., Julio U., Hachana Y. Physical and Physiological Attributes of Wrestlers: an Update. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1411–1442. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001738
6. Cinar V., Akbulut T., Kilic Y., Özdal M., Sarikaya M. The Effect of 6-Week Zinc Supplement and Weight Training on the Blood Lipids of the Sedentaries and Athletes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy le Grand), 2018, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2018.64.11.1
7. Çinar V., Talaghir L.G., Akbulut T., Turgut M., Sarikaya M. The Effects of the Zinc Supplementation and Weight Trainings on the Testosterone Levels. Human. Sport. Medicine, 2017, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 58–63. DOI: 10.14529/hsm170407
8. Claudino J.G., Gabbett T.J., Bourgeois F., de Sá Souza H., Miranda R. C., Mezêncio B., Hernandez A.J. Crossfit Overview: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine-Open, 2018, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5
9. Demirel N., Özbay S., Kaya F., Bay-ram M. The Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training Programs Applied to Elite Wrestlers on Body Composition. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 2017, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 675–682. DOI: 10.24289/ijsser.288803
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15. Horswill C.A. Applied Physiology of Amateur Wrestling. Sports Medicine, 1992, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 114–143. DOI: 10.2165/ 00007256-199214020-00004
16. İnce, İ. Effects of Split Style Olympic Weightlifting Training on Leg Stiffness Vertical Jump Change of Direction and Sprint in Collegiate Volleyball Players. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 24–31. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070104
17. Itaka T., Agemizu K., Aruga S., Machida S.G. Allele of the IGF2 Apai Polymorphism is Associated with Judo Status. The Journal of Strength & conditioning research, 2016, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 2043–2048. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001300
18. Kraemer W.J., Fry A.C., Rubin M.R., Triplett-McBride T., Gordon S.E., Koziris L.P., Fleck S.J. Physiological and Performance Re-sponses to Tournament Wrestling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1367–1378. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200108000-00019
19. Krustrup P., Mohr M., Amstrup T., Rysgaard T., Johansen J., Steensberg A., Bangsbo J. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 697–705. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058441.94520.32
20. Krustrup P., Mohr M., Nybo L., Jensen J.M., Nielsen J.J., Bangsbo J. The Yo-Yo IR2 Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Application to Elite Soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1666–1673. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.000022 7538.20799.08
21. MacDougall J.D., Wenger H.A., Green H.J. Physiological Testing of the High-Performance Athlete. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1993, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 305. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199302000-00027
22. Marques V., Coswig V., Viana R., Leal A., Alves F., Alves A., Gentil P. Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Measures of Young Brazilian Judo and Wrestling Athletes and Its Relations to Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Sports, 2019, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 38. DOI: 10.3390/sports7020038
23. Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Rahmani-Nia F., Moghadasi M. Physiological Profile of Elite Iranian Junior Freestyle Wrestlers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,
2009, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 2339–2344. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bb7350
24. Roemmich J.N., Frappier J.P. Physiological Determinants of Wrestling Success in High School Athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 134–144. DOI: 10.1123/pes.5.2.134
25. Smith M.M., Sommer A.J., Starkoff B.E., Devor S.T. Crossfit-Based High-Intensity Power Training Improves Maximal Aerobic Fitness
and Body Composition. J Strength Cond Res, 2013, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 3159–3172. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318289e59f
26. Utter A.C., O'Bryant H.S., Haff G.G., Trone G.A. Physiological Profile of an Elite Freestyle Wrestler Preparing for Competition: a Case Study. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2002, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 308–315. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200205001-01784
27. Yamashita D., Arakawa H., Arimitsu T., Wada T., Yumoto K., Fujiyama K., Shimizu S. Physiological Profiles of International-and Collegiate-Level Japanese Male Freestyle Wrestlers in the Lightweight Classes. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 21–25. DOI: 10.1080/21615667.2017.1341572
28. Yoon J. Physiological Profiles of Elite Senior Wrestlers. Sports Medicine, 2002, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 225–233. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200232040-00002
29. Yüksel O., Gündüz B., Kayhan M. Effect of Crossfit Training on Jump and Strength. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 121–124. DOI: 10.11114/jets.v7i1.3896
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11. Franchini E., Panissa V.L., Julio U.F. Physiological and Performance Responses to Intermittent Uchi-Komi in Judo. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2013, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1147–1155. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182606d27
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14. Grindstaff T.L., Potach D.H. Prevention of Common Wrestling Injuries. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2006, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 20–28. DOI: 10.1519/00126548-200608000-00002
15. Horswill C.A. Applied Physiology of Amateur Wrestling. Sports Medicine, 1992, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 114–143. DOI: 10.2165/ 00007256-199214020-00004
16. İnce, İ. Effects of Split Style Olympic Weightlifting Training on Leg Stiffness Vertical Jump Change of Direction and Sprint in Collegiate Volleyball Players. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 24–31. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070104
17. Itaka T., Agemizu K., Aruga S., Machida S.G. Allele of the IGF2 Apai Polymorphism is Associated with Judo Status. The Journal of Strength & conditioning research, 2016, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 2043–2048. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001300
18. Kraemer W.J., Fry A.C., Rubin M.R., Triplett-McBride T., Gordon S.E., Koziris L.P., Fleck S.J. Physiological and Performance Re-sponses to Tournament Wrestling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1367–1378. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200108000-00019
19. Krustrup P., Mohr M., Amstrup T., Rysgaard T., Johansen J., Steensberg A., Bangsbo J. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 697–705. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058441.94520.32
20. Krustrup P., Mohr M., Nybo L., Jensen J.M., Nielsen J.J., Bangsbo J. The Yo-Yo IR2 Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Application to Elite Soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1666–1673. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.000022 7538.20799.08
21. MacDougall J.D., Wenger H.A., Green H.J. Physiological Testing of the High-Performance Athlete. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1993, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 305. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199302000-00027
22. Marques V., Coswig V., Viana R., Leal A., Alves F., Alves A., Gentil P. Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Measures of Young Brazilian Judo and Wrestling Athletes and Its Relations to Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Sports, 2019, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 38. DOI: 10.3390/sports7020038
23. Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Rahmani-Nia F., Moghadasi M. Physiological Profile of Elite Iranian Junior Freestyle Wrestlers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,
2009, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 2339–2344. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bb7350
24. Roemmich J.N., Frappier J.P. Physiological Determinants of Wrestling Success in High School Athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 134–144. DOI: 10.1123/pes.5.2.134
25. Smith M.M., Sommer A.J., Starkoff B.E., Devor S.T. Crossfit-Based High-Intensity Power Training Improves Maximal Aerobic Fitness
and Body Composition. J Strength Cond Res, 2013, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 3159–3172. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318289e59f
26. Utter A.C., O'Bryant H.S., Haff G.G., Trone G.A. Physiological Profile of an Elite Freestyle Wrestler Preparing for Competition: a Case Study. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2002, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 308–315. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200205001-01784
27. Yamashita D., Arakawa H., Arimitsu T., Wada T., Yumoto K., Fujiyama K., Shimizu S. Physiological Profiles of International-and Collegiate-Level Japanese Male Freestyle Wrestlers in the Lightweight Classes. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 21–25. DOI: 10.1080/21615667.2017.1341572
28. Yoon J. Physiological Profiles of Elite Senior Wrestlers. Sports Medicine, 2002, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 225–233. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200232040-00002
29. Yüksel O., Gündüz B., Kayhan M. Effect of Crossfit Training on Jump and Strength. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 121–124. DOI: 10.11114/jets.v7i1.3896
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