ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВЯЗИ МЕЖДУ АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИМИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМИ И МЫШЕЧНОЙ СИЛОЙ У ЭЛИТНЫХ ТУРЕЦКИХ ГОРНЫХ ВЕЛОСПОРТСМЕНОВ
Ключевые слова:
велоспорт, горный велоспорт, мышечная сила, антропометрические характеристики
Аннотация
Цель: целью данного исследования было изучение взаимосвязи между антропометрическими характеристиками и мышечной силой элитных горных велоспортсменов из Турции. Материалы и методы. Выборка исследования включала 12 велоспортсменов мужского пола из Турции, которые участвовали в национальных и международных олимпийских кроссах (XCO) на горных велосипедах в элитной категории в течение последних 2 лет. У всех участников исследования измеряли рост и массу тела, рассчитывали индекс массы тела. Средний возраст участников составил 22,4 ± 3,4 года, средний рост – 173,2 ± 5,18 см, средняя масса тела – 55,7 ± 75,2 кг. Для оценки мышечной силы рассчитывали одноповторный максимум (1-RM). Связь между антропометрическими характеристиками и показателями мышечной силы определяли с помощью коэффициента корреляции Пирсона. Результаты. По результатам исследования установили положительную корреляцию между средним ростом тела и средними значениями 1-RM для тяги на трицепс и разгибания ног; положительную корреляцию массы тела со средними значениями 1-RM для сгибания рук на бицепс, тяги на трицепс, жима от плеч, верхней тяги, скручиваний, разгибания и сгибания ног; положительную корреляцию ИМТ со средним значением 1-RM для жима от плеч, жима от груди и сгибания ног (p < 0,05). Однако средний возраст не коррелировал со средним значением 1-RM для всех упражнений (p > 0,05). Заключение. Таким образом, масса тела и индекс массы тела являются важными параметрами, которые необходимо учитывать при оценке мышечной силы и силовых тренировок у велоспортсменов.
Литература
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2. Barbalho M., Gentil P., Raiol R. et al. High 1RM Tests Reproducibility and Validity are not Dependent on Training Experience, Muscle Group Tested or Strength Level in Older Women. Sports (Basel), 2018, vol. 6 (4), p. 171. DOI: 10.3390/sports6040171
3. Bieuzen F., Lepers R., Vercruyssen F. et al. Muscleactivation During Cycling at Differentcadences: Effect of Maximal Strengthcapacity. Journal of Electromyography Kinesiology, 2007, vol. 17 (6), pp. 731–738. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.07.007
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5. Cesanelli L., Ammar A., Arede J. et al. Performance Indicators and Functional Adaptive Windows in Competitive Cyclists: Effect of One-Year Strength and Conditioning Training Programme. Biology of Sport, 2022, vol. 39 (2), pp. 329–340. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.105334
6. Christensen P.M., Kvorning T., Aagaard P. Effects of Resistance Training Cessation on Cycling Performance in Well-Trained Cyclists: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2022, vol. 36 (3), pp. 796–804. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004204
7. Fornasiero A., Savoldelli A., Fruet D. et al. Physiological Intensity Profile, Exercise Load and Performance Predictors of a 65-km Mountain Ultra-Marathon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018, vol. 36 (11), pp. 1287–1295. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1374707
8. Gregor R.J., Conconi F. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, Road Cycling. London: Blackwell Science, 2000. DOI: 10.1002/9780470695012
9. Hamilton L., David T.M., Judith M.A. et al. Physiological Characteristics of Successful Mountain Bikers and Professional Road Cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, vol. 20 (12), pp. 1001–1008. DOI: 10.1080/026404102321011760
10. Hurst H.T., Swarén M., Hébert-Losıer K. et al. Influence of Course Type on Upper Body Muscle Activity in Elite Crosscountry and Downhill Mountain Bikers During off Road Downhill Cycling. Journal of Science and Cycling, 2012, vol. 1 (2), pp. 2–9.
11. Impellizzeri F., Sassi A., Rodriguez-Alonso M. et al. Exercise Intensity During Off-Road Cycling Competitions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002, vol. 34 (11), pp. 1808–1813. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00018
12. Impellizzeri F.M., Marcora S.M. The Physiology of Mountain Biking. In Sports Medicine, 2007, vol. 37 (1), pp. 59–71. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200737010-00005
13. Jaric S. Muscle Strength Testing: Use of Normalisation for Body Size. In Sports Medicine, 2002, vol. 32 (10), pp. 615–631. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200232100-00002
14. Keogh J., Hume P., Mellow P., Pearson S. The Use of Anthropometric Variables To Predict Bench Press and Squat Strength In Well-Trained Athletes. 23 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, 2005.
15. Lee K.L., Oh T.W., Gil Y.C., Kim H.J. Correlation between Muscle Architecture and Anaerobic Power in Athletes Involved in Different Sports. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), pp. 1–8. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92831-7
16. Maciejczyk M., Więcek M., Szymura J. et al. The Influence Of Increased Body Fat or Lean Body Mass on Aerobic Performance. PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9 (4), e95797. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095797
17. Mirizio G.G., Muñoz R., Muñoz L. et al. Race Performance Prediction from the Physiological Profile in National Level Youth Cross-Country Cyclists. Int. Journal Environment Reserch Public Healthcare, 2021, vol. 18 (11), 5535. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115535
18. Monti E., Franchi M.V., Badiali F. et al. The Time-Course of Changes in Muscle Mass, Architecture and Power During 6 Weeks of Plyometric Training. Front. Physiology, 2020, vol. 11, 946. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00946
19. Mujika I., Ronnestad B.R., Martin D.T. Effects of Increased Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass on Endurance Cycling Performance. Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016, vol. 11 (3), pp. 283–289. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0405
20. Ozen G. Investigation of the Influence of Elite Mountain Cyclists’ Physical and Physiological Characteristics on Field Performance Parameters (in Turkish). Istanbul: Efeacademy Publishing, 2019.
21. Park J.H., Kim J.E., Yoo J.I. et al. Comparison of Maximum Muscle Strength and Isokinetic Knee and Core Muscle Functions According to Pedaling Power Difference of Racing Cyclist Candidates. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2019, vol. 15 (3), pp. 401–406. DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938180.090
22. Prinz B., Simon D., Tschan H., Nimmerichter A. Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Distribution During Cross-Country Mountain Bike Racing. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2021, vol. 16 (11), pp. 1610–1615. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0758
23. Reggiani C., Schiaffino S. Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscle Strength: Dependent or Independent Variables? A Provocative Review. European Journal of Translational Myology, 2020, vol. 30 (3), 9311. DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9311
24. Rhaí A.A., Juliana A.G., Jorge L.D.O. et al. The Relative Peak Power Output of Amateur Mountain Bikers is Inversely Correlated with Body Fat but not with Fat-Free Mass. Motriz, Rio Claro, 2020, vol. 26, iss. 3, e10200034. DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030034
25. Rønnestad B.R., Hansen J., Hollan I., Ellefsen S. Strength Training Improves Performance and Pedaling Characteristics in Elite Cyclists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 2015, vol. 25 (1), pp. 89–98. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12257
26. Rønnestad B.R. Case Report: Effects of Multiple Seasons of Heavy Strength Training on Muscle Strength and Cycling Sprint Power in Elite Cyclists. Front. Sports Act. Living, 2022, vol. 4, 860685. DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.860685
27. Sánchez-Muñoz C., Muros J.J., Zabala M. World and Olympic Mountain Bike Champions’ Anthropometry, Body Composition and Somatotype. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2018, vol. 58 (6), pp. 843–851. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07179-1
28. Seo D.I., Kim E., Fahs C.A. et al. Reliability of the One-Repetition Maximum Test Based on Muscle Group and Gender. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2012, vol. 11 (2), pp. 221–225.
29. Sewall K.A., Fernhall B. Physiological Characteristics and Their Relationship to Performance in Off-Road Cycling. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, 1995, vol. 6 (2), pp. 89–95. DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512040
30. Spindler D.J., Allen M.S., Vella S.A., Swann C. The Psychology of Elite Cycling: a Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018, vol. 36 (17), pp. 1943–1954. DOI: 10.1080/ 02640414.2018.1426978
31. Sunde A., Storen O., Bjerkaas M. et al. Maximal Strength Training Improves Cycling Economy in Competitive Cyclists. The Journal of Strength & Conitioning Research, 2010, vol. 24 (8), pp. 2157–2165. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb16a
32. Willis C.M., Jones M.T. Implementing Resistance Training into the Macrocycle of a Competitive Mountain Biker. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 1999, vol. 21 (6), pp. 33–39. DOI: 10.1519/00126548-199912000-00008
33. Wozniak Timmer C.A. Cycling Biomechanics: A Literature Review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1991, vol. 14 (3), pp. 106–113. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1991.14.3.106
2. Barbalho M., Gentil P., Raiol R. et al. High 1RM Tests Reproducibility and Validity are not Dependent on Training Experience, Muscle Group Tested or Strength Level in Older Women. Sports (Basel), 2018, vol. 6 (4), p. 171. DOI: 10.3390/sports6040171
3. Bieuzen F., Lepers R., Vercruyssen F. et al. Muscleactivation During Cycling at Differentcadences: Effect of Maximal Strengthcapacity. Journal of Electromyography Kinesiology, 2007, vol. 17 (6), pp. 731–738. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.07.007
4. Cadore E., Pinto R., Brentano M. et al. Prediction of One Repetition Maximum Load by Total and Lean Body Mass in Trained and Untrained Men. Medicina Sportiva, 2012, vol. 16 (3), pp. 111–117. DOI: 10.5604/17342260.1011391
5. Cesanelli L., Ammar A., Arede J. et al. Performance Indicators and Functional Adaptive Windows in Competitive Cyclists: Effect of One-Year Strength and Conditioning Training Programme. Biology of Sport, 2022, vol. 39 (2), pp. 329–340. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.105334
6. Christensen P.M., Kvorning T., Aagaard P. Effects of Resistance Training Cessation on Cycling Performance in Well-Trained Cyclists: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2022, vol. 36 (3), pp. 796–804. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004204
7. Fornasiero A., Savoldelli A., Fruet D. et al. Physiological Intensity Profile, Exercise Load and Performance Predictors of a 65-km Mountain Ultra-Marathon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018, vol. 36 (11), pp. 1287–1295. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1374707
8. Gregor R.J., Conconi F. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, Road Cycling. London: Blackwell Science, 2000. DOI: 10.1002/9780470695012
9. Hamilton L., David T.M., Judith M.A. et al. Physiological Characteristics of Successful Mountain Bikers and Professional Road Cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, vol. 20 (12), pp. 1001–1008. DOI: 10.1080/026404102321011760
10. Hurst H.T., Swarén M., Hébert-Losıer K. et al. Influence of Course Type on Upper Body Muscle Activity in Elite Crosscountry and Downhill Mountain Bikers During off Road Downhill Cycling. Journal of Science and Cycling, 2012, vol. 1 (2), pp. 2–9.
11. Impellizzeri F., Sassi A., Rodriguez-Alonso M. et al. Exercise Intensity During Off-Road Cycling Competitions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002, vol. 34 (11), pp. 1808–1813. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00018
12. Impellizzeri F.M., Marcora S.M. The Physiology of Mountain Biking. In Sports Medicine, 2007, vol. 37 (1), pp. 59–71. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200737010-00005
13. Jaric S. Muscle Strength Testing: Use of Normalisation for Body Size. In Sports Medicine, 2002, vol. 32 (10), pp. 615–631. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200232100-00002
14. Keogh J., Hume P., Mellow P., Pearson S. The Use of Anthropometric Variables To Predict Bench Press and Squat Strength In Well-Trained Athletes. 23 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, 2005.
15. Lee K.L., Oh T.W., Gil Y.C., Kim H.J. Correlation between Muscle Architecture and Anaerobic Power in Athletes Involved in Different Sports. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), pp. 1–8. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92831-7
16. Maciejczyk M., Więcek M., Szymura J. et al. The Influence Of Increased Body Fat or Lean Body Mass on Aerobic Performance. PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9 (4), e95797. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095797
17. Mirizio G.G., Muñoz R., Muñoz L. et al. Race Performance Prediction from the Physiological Profile in National Level Youth Cross-Country Cyclists. Int. Journal Environment Reserch Public Healthcare, 2021, vol. 18 (11), 5535. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115535
18. Monti E., Franchi M.V., Badiali F. et al. The Time-Course of Changes in Muscle Mass, Architecture and Power During 6 Weeks of Plyometric Training. Front. Physiology, 2020, vol. 11, 946. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00946
19. Mujika I., Ronnestad B.R., Martin D.T. Effects of Increased Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass on Endurance Cycling Performance. Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016, vol. 11 (3), pp. 283–289. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0405
20. Ozen G. Investigation of the Influence of Elite Mountain Cyclists’ Physical and Physiological Characteristics on Field Performance Parameters (in Turkish). Istanbul: Efeacademy Publishing, 2019.
21. Park J.H., Kim J.E., Yoo J.I. et al. Comparison of Maximum Muscle Strength and Isokinetic Knee and Core Muscle Functions According to Pedaling Power Difference of Racing Cyclist Candidates. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2019, vol. 15 (3), pp. 401–406. DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938180.090
22. Prinz B., Simon D., Tschan H., Nimmerichter A. Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Distribution During Cross-Country Mountain Bike Racing. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2021, vol. 16 (11), pp. 1610–1615. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0758
23. Reggiani C., Schiaffino S. Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscle Strength: Dependent or Independent Variables? A Provocative Review. European Journal of Translational Myology, 2020, vol. 30 (3), 9311. DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9311
24. Rhaí A.A., Juliana A.G., Jorge L.D.O. et al. The Relative Peak Power Output of Amateur Mountain Bikers is Inversely Correlated with Body Fat but not with Fat-Free Mass. Motriz, Rio Claro, 2020, vol. 26, iss. 3, e10200034. DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030034
25. Rønnestad B.R., Hansen J., Hollan I., Ellefsen S. Strength Training Improves Performance and Pedaling Characteristics in Elite Cyclists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 2015, vol. 25 (1), pp. 89–98. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12257
26. Rønnestad B.R. Case Report: Effects of Multiple Seasons of Heavy Strength Training on Muscle Strength and Cycling Sprint Power in Elite Cyclists. Front. Sports Act. Living, 2022, vol. 4, 860685. DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.860685
27. Sánchez-Muñoz C., Muros J.J., Zabala M. World and Olympic Mountain Bike Champions’ Anthropometry, Body Composition and Somatotype. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2018, vol. 58 (6), pp. 843–851. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07179-1
28. Seo D.I., Kim E., Fahs C.A. et al. Reliability of the One-Repetition Maximum Test Based on Muscle Group and Gender. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2012, vol. 11 (2), pp. 221–225.
29. Sewall K.A., Fernhall B. Physiological Characteristics and Their Relationship to Performance in Off-Road Cycling. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, 1995, vol. 6 (2), pp. 89–95. DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512040
30. Spindler D.J., Allen M.S., Vella S.A., Swann C. The Psychology of Elite Cycling: a Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018, vol. 36 (17), pp. 1943–1954. DOI: 10.1080/ 02640414.2018.1426978
31. Sunde A., Storen O., Bjerkaas M. et al. Maximal Strength Training Improves Cycling Economy in Competitive Cyclists. The Journal of Strength & Conitioning Research, 2010, vol. 24 (8), pp. 2157–2165. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb16a
32. Willis C.M., Jones M.T. Implementing Resistance Training into the Macrocycle of a Competitive Mountain Biker. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 1999, vol. 21 (6), pp. 33–39. DOI: 10.1519/00126548-199912000-00008
33. Wozniak Timmer C.A. Cycling Biomechanics: A Literature Review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1991, vol. 14 (3), pp. 106–113. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1991.14.3.106
2. Barbalho M., Gentil P., Raiol R. et al. High 1RM Tests Reproducibility and Validity are not Dependent on Training Experience, Muscle Group Tested or Strength Level in Older Women. Sports (Basel), 2018, vol. 6 (4), p. 171. DOI: 10.3390/sports6040171
3. Bieuzen F., Lepers R., Vercruyssen F. et al. Muscleactivation During Cycling at Differentcadences: Effect of Maximal Strengthcapacity. Journal of Electromyography Kinesiology, 2007, vol. 17 (6), pp. 731–738. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.07.007
4. Cadore E., Pinto R., Brentano M. et al. Prediction of One Repetition Maximum Load by Total and Lean Body Mass in Trained and Untrained Men. Medicina Sportiva, 2012, vol. 16 (3), pp. 111–117. DOI: 10.5604/17342260.1011391
5. Cesanelli L., Ammar A., Arede J. et al. Performance Indicators and Functional Adaptive Windows in Competitive Cyclists: Effect of One-Year Strength and Conditioning Training Programme. Biology of Sport, 2022, vol. 39 (2), pp. 329–340. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.105334
6. Christensen P.M., Kvorning T., Aagaard P. Effects of Resistance Training Cessation on Cycling Performance in Well-Trained Cyclists: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2022, vol. 36 (3), pp. 796–804. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004204
7. Fornasiero A., Savoldelli A., Fruet D. et al. Physiological Intensity Profile, Exercise Load and Performance Predictors of a 65-km Mountain Ultra-Marathon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018, vol. 36 (11), pp. 1287–1295. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1374707
8. Gregor R.J., Conconi F. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, Road Cycling. London: Blackwell Science, 2000. DOI: 10.1002/9780470695012
9. Hamilton L., David T.M., Judith M.A. et al. Physiological Characteristics of Successful Mountain Bikers and Professional Road Cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, vol. 20 (12), pp. 1001–1008. DOI: 10.1080/026404102321011760
10. Hurst H.T., Swarén M., Hébert-Losıer K. et al. Influence of Course Type on Upper Body Muscle Activity in Elite Crosscountry and Downhill Mountain Bikers During off Road Downhill Cycling. Journal of Science and Cycling, 2012, vol. 1 (2), pp. 2–9.
11. Impellizzeri F., Sassi A., Rodriguez-Alonso M. et al. Exercise Intensity During Off-Road Cycling Competitions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002, vol. 34 (11), pp. 1808–1813. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00018
12. Impellizzeri F.M., Marcora S.M. The Physiology of Mountain Biking. In Sports Medicine, 2007, vol. 37 (1), pp. 59–71. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200737010-00005
13. Jaric S. Muscle Strength Testing: Use of Normalisation for Body Size. In Sports Medicine, 2002, vol. 32 (10), pp. 615–631. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200232100-00002
14. Keogh J., Hume P., Mellow P., Pearson S. The Use of Anthropometric Variables To Predict Bench Press and Squat Strength In Well-Trained Athletes. 23 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, 2005.
15. Lee K.L., Oh T.W., Gil Y.C., Kim H.J. Correlation between Muscle Architecture and Anaerobic Power in Athletes Involved in Different Sports. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11 (1), pp. 1–8. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92831-7
16. Maciejczyk M., Więcek M., Szymura J. et al. The Influence Of Increased Body Fat or Lean Body Mass on Aerobic Performance. PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9 (4), e95797. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095797
17. Mirizio G.G., Muñoz R., Muñoz L. et al. Race Performance Prediction from the Physiological Profile in National Level Youth Cross-Country Cyclists. Int. Journal Environment Reserch Public Healthcare, 2021, vol. 18 (11), 5535. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115535
18. Monti E., Franchi M.V., Badiali F. et al. The Time-Course of Changes in Muscle Mass, Architecture and Power During 6 Weeks of Plyometric Training. Front. Physiology, 2020, vol. 11, 946. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00946
19. Mujika I., Ronnestad B.R., Martin D.T. Effects of Increased Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass on Endurance Cycling Performance. Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016, vol. 11 (3), pp. 283–289. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0405
20. Ozen G. Investigation of the Influence of Elite Mountain Cyclists’ Physical and Physiological Characteristics on Field Performance Parameters (in Turkish). Istanbul: Efeacademy Publishing, 2019.
21. Park J.H., Kim J.E., Yoo J.I. et al. Comparison of Maximum Muscle Strength and Isokinetic Knee and Core Muscle Functions According to Pedaling Power Difference of Racing Cyclist Candidates. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2019, vol. 15 (3), pp. 401–406. DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938180.090
22. Prinz B., Simon D., Tschan H., Nimmerichter A. Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Distribution During Cross-Country Mountain Bike Racing. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2021, vol. 16 (11), pp. 1610–1615. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0758
23. Reggiani C., Schiaffino S. Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscle Strength: Dependent or Independent Variables? A Provocative Review. European Journal of Translational Myology, 2020, vol. 30 (3), 9311. DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9311
24. Rhaí A.A., Juliana A.G., Jorge L.D.O. et al. The Relative Peak Power Output of Amateur Mountain Bikers is Inversely Correlated with Body Fat but not with Fat-Free Mass. Motriz, Rio Claro, 2020, vol. 26, iss. 3, e10200034. DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030034
25. Rønnestad B.R., Hansen J., Hollan I., Ellefsen S. Strength Training Improves Performance and Pedaling Characteristics in Elite Cyclists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 2015, vol. 25 (1), pp. 89–98. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12257
26. Rønnestad B.R. Case Report: Effects of Multiple Seasons of Heavy Strength Training on Muscle Strength and Cycling Sprint Power in Elite Cyclists. Front. Sports Act. Living, 2022, vol. 4, 860685. DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.860685
27. Sánchez-Muñoz C., Muros J.J., Zabala M. World and Olympic Mountain Bike Champions’ Anthropometry, Body Composition and Somatotype. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2018, vol. 58 (6), pp. 843–851. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07179-1
28. Seo D.I., Kim E., Fahs C.A. et al. Reliability of the One-Repetition Maximum Test Based on Muscle Group and Gender. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2012, vol. 11 (2), pp. 221–225.
29. Sewall K.A., Fernhall B. Physiological Characteristics and Their Relationship to Performance in Off-Road Cycling. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, 1995, vol. 6 (2), pp. 89–95. DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512040
30. Spindler D.J., Allen M.S., Vella S.A., Swann C. The Psychology of Elite Cycling: a Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018, vol. 36 (17), pp. 1943–1954. DOI: 10.1080/ 02640414.2018.1426978
31. Sunde A., Storen O., Bjerkaas M. et al. Maximal Strength Training Improves Cycling Economy in Competitive Cyclists. The Journal of Strength & Conitioning Research, 2010, vol. 24 (8), pp. 2157–2165. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb16a
32. Willis C.M., Jones M.T. Implementing Resistance Training into the Macrocycle of a Competitive Mountain Biker. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 1999, vol. 21 (6), pp. 33–39. DOI: 10.1519/00126548-199912000-00008
33. Wozniak Timmer C.A. Cycling Biomechanics: A Literature Review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1991, vol. 14 (3), pp. 106–113. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1991.14.3.106
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Опубликован
2022-12-29
Как цитировать
Бойраз, О., Куркчу Акгонул, Э., & Озен, Г. (2022). ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВЯЗИ МЕЖДУ АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИМИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМИ И МЫШЕЧНОЙ СИЛОЙ У ЭЛИТНЫХ ТУРЕЦКИХ ГОРНЫХ ВЕЛОСПОРТСМЕНОВ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 22(S2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm22s208
Выпуск
Раздел
Физиология
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