ВЛИЯНИЕ ГИПОКИНЕЗИИ И ИНВОЛЮТИВНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА УДЕЛЬНУЮ СИЛУ ТЫЛЬНЫХ СГИБАТЕЛЕЙ СТОПЫ ПРИ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ И У ТРЕНИРОВАННЫХ МУЖЧИН С АЦИКЛИЧЕСКИМ ТИПОМ НАГРУЗКИ
Ключевые слова:
Анатомический поперечник мышц, удельная сила мышц, тыльные сгибатели стопы, удлинение голени, ультрасонография, гипокинезия, борцы-единоборцы, инволютивные процессы
Аннотация
Цель исследования состояла в сравнительном анализе силовых показателей мышц голени и анатомического поперечника у людей с гипокинезией при ортопедической патологии и высоким уровнем тренированности ациклического вида. Материалы и методы. Обследовано пять групп людей. В первую группу (n = 12) вошли пациенты 18,7 ± 1,23 лет с удлиненной голенью по Илизарову, во вторую группу – здоровые сверстники, не занимающиеся спортом. Третья группа представлена квалифицированными спортсменами борцами 18,8 ± 1,99 лет (n = 10). Четвертую группу составили здоровые мужчины-неспортсмены 44,1 ± 5,38 лет (n = 12). В пятую группу вошли борцы в возрасте 47,8 ± 5,89 лет (n = 10). Определяли моменты силы (МС) тыльных и подошвенных сгибателей стопы (ТСС и ПСС), с помощью ультрасонографии – анатомический поперечник мышц ТСС и рассчитывали их удельную силу. Результаты. Установлено снижение МС ТСС пораженной голени относительно интактной на 36,9 %. МС ТСС у молодых неспортсменов и сверстников спортсменов варьировали от 41,6 ± 3,59 Н·м справа до 41,1 ± 5,22 слева, от 42,7 ± 9,44 Н·м до 43,9 ± 7,90 в группе 3 соответственно. В старших возрастных группах МС ТСС превышали таковые у молодых неспортсменов и сверстников-борцов. Удельная сила ТСС пораженной голени у пациентов составила 2,8 ± 0,81 Н·м/см2, интактной – 3,2 ± 0,62; у молодых-неспортсменов – 3,9 ± 0,25 (справа) и 3,9 ± 0,44 (слева) (р < 0,05); у молодых борцов – 4,5 ± 0,44 и 4,5 ± 0,36 соответственно, т. е. выше, чем в группе 2 (р < 0,05); у старших спортсменов – 4,2 ± 0,74 и 4,2 ± 0,67 Н·м/см2 соответственно, что достоверно ниже, чем у молодых борцов. У пациентов наблюдались наименьшие значения МС ПСС на обеих голенях (р < 0,05). У молодых спортсменов МС ПСС достигал 249,0 ± 26,42 Н·м (справа) и 252,0 ± 28,21 (слева), т. е. на 15–20,5 % выше, чем у сверстников-неспортсменов. У старших борцов МС ПСС был на 17,4–21,8 % выше, чем у сверстников-неспортсменов (р < 0,05). Заключение. При гипокинезии у ортопедических пациентов функциональные свойства и удельная сила передней группы мышц оказалась наименьшей относительно параметров у представителей других групп. Вследствие регулярных повышенных ациклических нагрузок удельная сила указанных мышц у молодых спортсменов и более зрелого возраста превышала параметры у неспортсменов.Литература
1. Akima H., Kubo K., Imai M., Kanehisa H., Suzuki Y., Gunji A., Fukunaga T. Inactivity and Muscle: Effect of Resistance Training During Bed Rest on Muscle Size in the Lower Limb. Acta Physiol Scand., 2001, vol. 172(4), pp. 269–278. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00869.x
2. Alkner BA., Norrbrand L., Tesch PA. Neuromuscular Adaptations Following 90 Days Bed Rest With or Without Resistance Exercise. Aerosp Med Hum Perform., 2016, vol. 87(7), pp. 610–617. DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4383.2016
3. Ambrosio F., Kadi F., Lexell J., Fitzgerald GK., Boninger ML., Huard J. The Effect of Muscle Loading on Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential: An Update of Current Research Findings Relating to Aging and Neuromuscular Pathology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil., 2009, vol. 88, pp. 145–155. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181951fc5
4. Di Iorio A., Abate M., Di Renzo D., Russolillo A., Battaglini C., Ripari P., Saggini R., Paganelli R., Abate G. Sarcopenia: Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Changes from Determinants to Physical Disability. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 19 (4), pp. 703–719. DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900401
5. Frontera W.R., Meredith C.N., O'Reilly K.P., Knuttgen H.G., Evans W.J. Strength Conditioning in Older Men: Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Improved Function. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1988, vol. 64(3), pp. 1038–1044.
6. Hasson CJ., Caldwell GE. Effects of Age on Mechanical Properties of Dorsiflexor and Plantarflexor Muscles. Ann Biomed Eng., 2012, vol. 40 (5), pp. 1088–1101. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0481-4. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
7. Kawakami Y. The Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Architecture in Humans. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 208–217. DOI: 10.5432/ijshs.3.208
8. Latorre-Roman PA., Segura-Jimenez V., Aparicio VA., Santos E., Campos MA., Garcia-Pinillos F., Herrador-Colmenero M., Alvarez-Gallardo IC., Delgado-Fernandez M. Ageing Influence in the Evolution of Strength and Muscle Mass in Women with Fibromyalgia: the alAndalus Project. Rheumatol Int., 2015, vol. 35 (7), pp. 1243–1250. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3213-5.Epub 2015 Jan 24.
9. Lawniczak A., Kmiec Z. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012, vol. 19, no. 66, pp. 392–400. [Age-Related Changes of Skeletal Muscles: Physiology, Pathology and Regeneration]. [Article in Polish]. DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1000902
10. Manal K., Roberts D.P., Buchanan T.S. Optimal Pennation Angle of the Primary Ankle Plantar and Dorsiflexors: Variations with Sex, Contraction Intensity, and Limb. J Appl Biomech., 2006, vol. 22 (4), pp. 255–263. DOI: 10.1123/jab.22.4.255
11. Morse C.I., Thom J.M., Birch K.M., Narici M.V. Changes in Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture with Sarcopenia. Acta Physiol Scand., 2005, vol. 183 (3), pp. 291–298. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01404.x
12. Mueller MJ., Maluf KS. Tissue Adaptation to Physical Stress: a Proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to Guide Physical Therapist Practice, Education, and Research. Phys Ther., 2002, vol. 82 (4), pp. 383–403.
13. Narici M.V., Maganaris C.N., Reeves N.D., Capodaglio P. Effect of Aging on Human Muscle Architecture. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2003, vol. 95 (6), pp. 2229–2234. Epub 2003 Jul 3. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003
14. Norregaard J., Bulow P.M., Vestergaard-Poulsen P., Thomsen C., Danneskiold-Samoe B. Muscle Strength, Voluntary Activation and Cross-Sectional Muscle Area in Patients with Fibromyalgia. Br J Rheumatol., 1995, vol. 34 (10), pp. 925–931. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.10.925
15. Shah P.K., Stevens J.E., Gregory C.M., Pathare N.C., Jayaraman A., Bickel S.C., Bowden M., Behrman A.L., Walter G.A., Dudley G.A., Vandenborne K. Lower-Extremity Muscle Cross-Sectional Area after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 2006, vol. 87 (6), pp. 772–778. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.028
16. Shenkman BS. Structural-Metabolic Plasticity of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles in Hypokinesia and Weightlessness. Aviakosm Ekolog Med., 2002, vol. 36 (3), pp. 3–14.
17. Tate C.M., Williams G.N., Barrance P.J., Buchanan T.S. Lower Extremity Muscle Morphology in Young Athletes: an MRI-Based Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 2006, vol. 38 (1), pp. 122–128. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000179400.67734.01
18. Tieland M., Trouwborst I., Clark B.C. Skeletal Muscle Performance and Ageing. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2018, vol. 9 (1), pp. 3–19. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12238. Epub 2017 Nov 19.
19. Trombetti A., Reid K.F., Hars M., Herrmann F.R., Pasha E., Phillips E.M., Fielding R.A. Age-Associated Declines in Muscle Mass, Strength, Power, and Physical Performance: Impact on Fear of Falling and Quality of Life. Osteoporos Int., 2016, vol. 27 (2), pp. 463–471. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3236-5. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
20. Wall BT., Dirks ML., van Loon LJ. Skeletal Muscle Atrophy During Short-Term Disuse: Implications for Age-Related Sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev., 2013, vol. 12 (4), pp. 898-906. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
2. Alkner BA., Norrbrand L., Tesch PA. Neuromuscular Adaptations Following 90 Days Bed Rest With or Without Resistance Exercise. Aerosp Med Hum Perform., 2016, vol. 87(7), pp. 610–617. DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4383.2016
3. Ambrosio F., Kadi F., Lexell J., Fitzgerald GK., Boninger ML., Huard J. The Effect of Muscle Loading on Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential: An Update of Current Research Findings Relating to Aging and Neuromuscular Pathology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil., 2009, vol. 88, pp. 145–155. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181951fc5
4. Di Iorio A., Abate M., Di Renzo D., Russolillo A., Battaglini C., Ripari P., Saggini R., Paganelli R., Abate G. Sarcopenia: Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Changes from Determinants to Physical Disability. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 19 (4), pp. 703–719. DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900401
5. Frontera W.R., Meredith C.N., O'Reilly K.P., Knuttgen H.G., Evans W.J. Strength Conditioning in Older Men: Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Improved Function. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1988, vol. 64(3), pp. 1038–1044.
6. Hasson CJ., Caldwell GE. Effects of Age on Mechanical Properties of Dorsiflexor and Plantarflexor Muscles. Ann Biomed Eng., 2012, vol. 40 (5), pp. 1088–1101. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0481-4. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
7. Kawakami Y. The Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Architecture in Humans. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 208–217. DOI: 10.5432/ijshs.3.208
8. Latorre-Roman PA., Segura-Jimenez V., Aparicio VA., Santos E., Campos MA., Garcia-Pinillos F., Herrador-Colmenero M., Alvarez-Gallardo IC., Delgado-Fernandez M. Ageing Influence in the Evolution of Strength and Muscle Mass in Women with Fibromyalgia: the alAndalus Project. Rheumatol Int., 2015, vol. 35 (7), pp. 1243–1250. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3213-5.Epub 2015 Jan 24.
9. Lawniczak A., Kmiec Z. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012, vol. 19, no. 66, pp. 392–400. [Age-Related Changes of Skeletal Muscles: Physiology, Pathology and Regeneration]. [Article in Polish]. DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1000902
10. Manal K., Roberts D.P., Buchanan T.S. Optimal Pennation Angle of the Primary Ankle Plantar and Dorsiflexors: Variations with Sex, Contraction Intensity, and Limb. J Appl Biomech., 2006, vol. 22 (4), pp. 255–263. DOI: 10.1123/jab.22.4.255
11. Morse C.I., Thom J.M., Birch K.M., Narici M.V. Changes in Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture with Sarcopenia. Acta Physiol Scand., 2005, vol. 183 (3), pp. 291–298. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01404.x
12. Mueller MJ., Maluf KS. Tissue Adaptation to Physical Stress: a Proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to Guide Physical Therapist Practice, Education, and Research. Phys Ther., 2002, vol. 82 (4), pp. 383–403.
13. Narici M.V., Maganaris C.N., Reeves N.D., Capodaglio P. Effect of Aging on Human Muscle Architecture. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2003, vol. 95 (6), pp. 2229–2234. Epub 2003 Jul 3. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003
14. Norregaard J., Bulow P.M., Vestergaard-Poulsen P., Thomsen C., Danneskiold-Samoe B. Muscle Strength, Voluntary Activation and Cross-Sectional Muscle Area in Patients with Fibromyalgia. Br J Rheumatol., 1995, vol. 34 (10), pp. 925–931. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.10.925
15. Shah P.K., Stevens J.E., Gregory C.M., Pathare N.C., Jayaraman A., Bickel S.C., Bowden M., Behrman A.L., Walter G.A., Dudley G.A., Vandenborne K. Lower-Extremity Muscle Cross-Sectional Area after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 2006, vol. 87 (6), pp. 772–778. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.028
16. Shenkman BS. Structural-Metabolic Plasticity of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles in Hypokinesia and Weightlessness. Aviakosm Ekolog Med., 2002, vol. 36 (3), pp. 3–14.
17. Tate C.M., Williams G.N., Barrance P.J., Buchanan T.S. Lower Extremity Muscle Morphology in Young Athletes: an MRI-Based Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 2006, vol. 38 (1), pp. 122–128. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000179400.67734.01
18. Tieland M., Trouwborst I., Clark B.C. Skeletal Muscle Performance and Ageing. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2018, vol. 9 (1), pp. 3–19. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12238. Epub 2017 Nov 19.
19. Trombetti A., Reid K.F., Hars M., Herrmann F.R., Pasha E., Phillips E.M., Fielding R.A. Age-Associated Declines in Muscle Mass, Strength, Power, and Physical Performance: Impact on Fear of Falling and Quality of Life. Osteoporos Int., 2016, vol. 27 (2), pp. 463–471. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3236-5. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
20. Wall BT., Dirks ML., van Loon LJ. Skeletal Muscle Atrophy During Short-Term Disuse: Implications for Age-Related Sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev., 2013, vol. 12 (4), pp. 898-906. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
2. Alkner BA., Norrbrand L., Tesch PA. Neuromuscular Adaptations Following 90 Days Bed Rest With or Without Resistance Exercise. Aerosp Med Hum Perform., 2016, vol. 87(7), pp. 610–617. DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4383.2016
3. Ambrosio F., Kadi F., Lexell J., Fitzgerald GK., Boninger ML., Huard J. The Effect of Muscle Loading on Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential: An Update of Current Research Findings Relating to Aging and Neuromuscular Pathology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil., 2009, vol. 88, pp. 145–155. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181951fc5
4. Di Iorio A., Abate M., Di Renzo D., Russolillo A., Battaglini C., Ripari P., Saggini R., Paganelli R., Abate G. Sarcopenia: Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Changes from Determinants to Physical Disability. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 19 (4), pp. 703–719. DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900401
5. Frontera W.R., Meredith C.N., O'Reilly K.P., Knuttgen H.G., Evans W.J. Strength Conditioning in Older Men: Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Improved Function. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1988, vol. 64(3), pp. 1038–1044.
6. Hasson CJ., Caldwell GE. Effects of Age on Mechanical Properties of Dorsiflexor and Plantarflexor Muscles. Ann Biomed Eng., 2012, vol. 40 (5), pp. 1088–1101. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0481-4. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
7. Kawakami Y. The Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Architecture in Humans. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 208–217. DOI: 10.5432/ijshs.3.208
8. Latorre-Roman PA., Segura-Jimenez V., Aparicio VA., Santos E., Campos MA., Garcia-Pinillos F., Herrador-Colmenero M., Alvarez-Gallardo IC., Delgado-Fernandez M. Ageing Influence in the Evolution of Strength and Muscle Mass in Women with Fibromyalgia: the alAndalus Project. Rheumatol Int., 2015, vol. 35 (7), pp. 1243–1250. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3213-5.Epub 2015 Jan 24.
9. Lawniczak A., Kmiec Z. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012, vol. 19, no. 66, pp. 392–400. [Age-Related Changes of Skeletal Muscles: Physiology, Pathology and Regeneration]. [Article in Polish]. DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1000902
10. Manal K., Roberts D.P., Buchanan T.S. Optimal Pennation Angle of the Primary Ankle Plantar and Dorsiflexors: Variations with Sex, Contraction Intensity, and Limb. J Appl Biomech., 2006, vol. 22 (4), pp. 255–263. DOI: 10.1123/jab.22.4.255
11. Morse C.I., Thom J.M., Birch K.M., Narici M.V. Changes in Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture with Sarcopenia. Acta Physiol Scand., 2005, vol. 183 (3), pp. 291–298. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01404.x
12. Mueller MJ., Maluf KS. Tissue Adaptation to Physical Stress: a Proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to Guide Physical Therapist Practice, Education, and Research. Phys Ther., 2002, vol. 82 (4), pp. 383–403.
13. Narici M.V., Maganaris C.N., Reeves N.D., Capodaglio P. Effect of Aging on Human Muscle Architecture. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2003, vol. 95 (6), pp. 2229–2234. Epub 2003 Jul 3. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003
14. Norregaard J., Bulow P.M., Vestergaard-Poulsen P., Thomsen C., Danneskiold-Samoe B. Muscle Strength, Voluntary Activation and Cross-Sectional Muscle Area in Patients with Fibromyalgia. Br J Rheumatol., 1995, vol. 34 (10), pp. 925–931. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.10.925
15. Shah P.K., Stevens J.E., Gregory C.M., Pathare N.C., Jayaraman A., Bickel S.C., Bowden M., Behrman A.L., Walter G.A., Dudley G.A., Vandenborne K. Lower-Extremity Muscle Cross-Sectional Area after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 2006, vol. 87 (6), pp. 772–778. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.028
16. Shenkman BS. Structural-Metabolic Plasticity of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles in Hypokinesia and Weightlessness. Aviakosm Ekolog Med., 2002, vol. 36 (3), pp. 3–14.
17. Tate C.M., Williams G.N., Barrance P.J., Buchanan T.S. Lower Extremity Muscle Morphology in Young Athletes: an MRI-Based Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 2006, vol. 38 (1), pp. 122–128. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000179400.67734.01
18. Tieland M., Trouwborst I., Clark B.C. Skeletal Muscle Performance and Ageing. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2018, vol. 9 (1), pp. 3–19. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12238. Epub 2017 Nov 19.
19. Trombetti A., Reid K.F., Hars M., Herrmann F.R., Pasha E., Phillips E.M., Fielding R.A. Age-Associated Declines in Muscle Mass, Strength, Power, and Physical Performance: Impact on Fear of Falling and Quality of Life. Osteoporos Int., 2016, vol. 27 (2), pp. 463–471. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3236-5. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
20. Wall BT., Dirks ML., van Loon LJ. Skeletal Muscle Atrophy During Short-Term Disuse: Implications for Age-Related Sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev., 2013, vol. 12 (4), pp. 898-906. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
References
1. Akima H., Kubo K., Imai M., Kanehisa H., Suzuki Y., Gunji A., Fukunaga T. Inactivity and Muscle: Effect of Resistance Training During Bed Rest on Muscle Size in the Lower Limb. Acta Physiol Scand., 2001, vol. 172(4), pp. 269–278. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00869.x2. Alkner BA., Norrbrand L., Tesch PA. Neuromuscular Adaptations Following 90 Days Bed Rest With or Without Resistance Exercise. Aerosp Med Hum Perform., 2016, vol. 87(7), pp. 610–617. DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4383.2016
3. Ambrosio F., Kadi F., Lexell J., Fitzgerald GK., Boninger ML., Huard J. The Effect of Muscle Loading on Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential: An Update of Current Research Findings Relating to Aging and Neuromuscular Pathology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil., 2009, vol. 88, pp. 145–155. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181951fc5
4. Di Iorio A., Abate M., Di Renzo D., Russolillo A., Battaglini C., Ripari P., Saggini R., Paganelli R., Abate G. Sarcopenia: Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Changes from Determinants to Physical Disability. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 19 (4), pp. 703–719. DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900401
5. Frontera W.R., Meredith C.N., O'Reilly K.P., Knuttgen H.G., Evans W.J. Strength Conditioning in Older Men: Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Improved Function. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1988, vol. 64(3), pp. 1038–1044.
6. Hasson CJ., Caldwell GE. Effects of Age on Mechanical Properties of Dorsiflexor and Plantarflexor Muscles. Ann Biomed Eng., 2012, vol. 40 (5), pp. 1088–1101. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0481-4. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
7. Kawakami Y. The Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Architecture in Humans. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 208–217. DOI: 10.5432/ijshs.3.208
8. Latorre-Roman PA., Segura-Jimenez V., Aparicio VA., Santos E., Campos MA., Garcia-Pinillos F., Herrador-Colmenero M., Alvarez-Gallardo IC., Delgado-Fernandez M. Ageing Influence in the Evolution of Strength and Muscle Mass in Women with Fibromyalgia: the alAndalus Project. Rheumatol Int., 2015, vol. 35 (7), pp. 1243–1250. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3213-5.Epub 2015 Jan 24.
9. Lawniczak A., Kmiec Z. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012, vol. 19, no. 66, pp. 392–400. [Age-Related Changes of Skeletal Muscles: Physiology, Pathology and Regeneration]. [Article in Polish]. DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1000902
10. Manal K., Roberts D.P., Buchanan T.S. Optimal Pennation Angle of the Primary Ankle Plantar and Dorsiflexors: Variations with Sex, Contraction Intensity, and Limb. J Appl Biomech., 2006, vol. 22 (4), pp. 255–263. DOI: 10.1123/jab.22.4.255
11. Morse C.I., Thom J.M., Birch K.M., Narici M.V. Changes in Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture with Sarcopenia. Acta Physiol Scand., 2005, vol. 183 (3), pp. 291–298. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01404.x
12. Mueller MJ., Maluf KS. Tissue Adaptation to Physical Stress: a Proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to Guide Physical Therapist Practice, Education, and Research. Phys Ther., 2002, vol. 82 (4), pp. 383–403.
13. Narici M.V., Maganaris C.N., Reeves N.D., Capodaglio P. Effect of Aging on Human Muscle Architecture. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2003, vol. 95 (6), pp. 2229–2234. Epub 2003 Jul 3. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003
14. Norregaard J., Bulow P.M., Vestergaard-Poulsen P., Thomsen C., Danneskiold-Samoe B. Muscle Strength, Voluntary Activation and Cross-Sectional Muscle Area in Patients with Fibromyalgia. Br J Rheumatol., 1995, vol. 34 (10), pp. 925–931. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.10.925
15. Shah P.K., Stevens J.E., Gregory C.M., Pathare N.C., Jayaraman A., Bickel S.C., Bowden M., Behrman A.L., Walter G.A., Dudley G.A., Vandenborne K. Lower-Extremity Muscle Cross-Sectional Area after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 2006, vol. 87 (6), pp. 772–778. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.028
16. Shenkman BS. Structural-Metabolic Plasticity of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles in Hypokinesia and Weightlessness. Aviakosm Ekolog Med., 2002, vol. 36 (3), pp. 3–14.
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18. Tieland M., Trouwborst I., Clark B.C. Skeletal Muscle Performance and Ageing. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2018, vol. 9 (1), pp. 3–19. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12238. Epub 2017 Nov 19.
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Опубликован
2018-12-01
Как цитировать
Гребенюк, Л., Грязных, А., & Кучин, Р. (2018). ВЛИЯНИЕ ГИПОКИНЕЗИИ И ИНВОЛЮТИВНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА УДЕЛЬНУЮ СИЛУ ТЫЛЬНЫХ СГИБАТЕЛЕЙ СТОПЫ ПРИ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ И У ТРЕНИРОВАННЫХ МУЖЧИН С АЦИКЛИЧЕСКИМ ТИПОМ НАГРУЗКИ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 18(4), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm180420
Выпуск
Раздел
Восстановительная и спортивная медицина
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