ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ЦИНКА И СИЛОВЫХ ТРЕНИРОВОК НА УРОВЕНЬ ТЕСТОСТЕРОНА
Ключевые слова:
Упражнения, потребление цинка, тестостерон
Аннотация
Цель. Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение того, как потребление цинка в сочетании с силовыми тренировками влияет на уровень тестостерона у людей, ведущих малоподвижный образ жизни, и у спортсменов. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 40 мужчин, 20 из которых вели малоподвижный образ жизни и 20 регулярно занимались физической активностью. Участники были поделены на 4 равные группы, а именно: группа 1 – контрольная группа (S); группа 2 – участники, ведущие малоподвижный образ жизни и получающие добавку с содержанием цинка (Z); группа 3 – группа спортсменов, занимающихся силовыми тренировками и получающих добавку с содержанием цинка (ZT); группа 4 – группа спортсменов, занимающихся силовыми тренировками (T). Уровень общего тестостерона и несвязанного тестостерона измерялся в образцах крови, взятых у участников в начале исследования и шесть недель спустя. Результаты. Было установлено, что уровень общего и несвязанного тестостерона возрос в группах, которые получали добавку с содержанием цинка и занимались силовыми тренировками, в зависимости от потребления цинка и особенностей тренировки. Выводы. Потребление добавки с содержанием цинка и силовые тренировки на протяжении шести недель ведут к повышению уровня тестостерона, что, соответственно, оказывает положительный эффект на результативность.Литература
1. Cakmakci S. [The Effect of Anaerobic Exercises on Certain Hormone Levels in the Athletes from Different Branches]. Institute of Medical Sciences, [Master’s Thesis], Konya 2013, pp. 58–70.
2. Gumusel B., Kandilci H.B. [Androgens, Anabolic Steroids and Antiandrogenic Drugs]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci, 2005, vol. 1, no. 35, pp. 112–118.
3. Guzelcan M.S. [Enrichment of Simit with Iron and Zinc and Determination of in Vitro Mineral Bioavailability. Ege University]. Institute of Science and Technology, Master’s thesis, Izmir 2009, pp. 112–115.
4. Johnston M., Johnston J., Cook C.J., Costley L., Kilgallon M., Kilduff L.P. [The Effect of Session Order on the Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Endocrine Responses to Maximal Speed and Weight Training Sessions Over a 24-h Period]. J Sci Med Sport, 2017, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 502–506.
5. Kartalc? S., Esel E. [Psychopharmacologic and Behavioral Effects of Neurosteroids]. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni, 2004, vol. 14, pp. 38–49.
6. Kilic M., Baltaci A.K., Gunay M., Gokbel H., Okudan N., Cicioglu I. [The Effect of Exhaustion Exercise on Thyroid Hormones and Testosterone Levels of Elite Athletes Receiving Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2005, vol. 27, no. 1–2, pp. 247–252.
7. Kilic M. [Effect of Fatiguing Bicycle Exercise on Thyroid Hormone and Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Males Supplemented with Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2007, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 681–685.
8. Koch B., Glaser S., Schaper C. [Association Between Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Exercise Capacity in Men: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)]. Journal of Andrology, 2011, vol. 32, pp. 135–143.
9. Koehler K., Parr M.K., Geyer H., Mester J., Schanzer W. [Serum Testosterone and Urinary Excretion of Steroid Hormone Metabolites after Administration of a High-Dose Zinc Supplement]. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009, vol. 63, pp. 65–70.
10. Kuhn C.M. [Anabolic Steroids]. Recent Progress in Hormone Resarch 2002, vol. 57, pp. 411–434.
11. Kumagai H., Zempo-Miyaki A., Yoshikawa T., Tsujimoto T., Tanaka K., Maeda S. [Increased Physical Activity Has a Greater Effect than Reduced Energy Intake on Lifestyle Modification-Induced Increases in Testosterone]. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 84.
12. Kurt D., Denli O., Kanay Z., Guzel C., Ceylan K. [An Investigation of the Cu, Zn, and Se Levels of Blood Serum and the Cu and Zn Levels of Wool of Akkaraman Ewes in the Diyarbakir Region. Turkish]. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2001, vol. 25, pp. 431–436.
13. Moradi F. [Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men]. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, no. 4.
14. Morley J.E. [Testosterone and Behavior]. Clin Geriatr Med, 2003, vol. 19, pp. 605–616.
15. Neek L.S., Gaeini A.A., Choobineh S. [Effect of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Serum Testosterone and Plasma Lactate in Cyclist after an Exhaustive Exercise Bout]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2011, vol. 144, pp. 454–462.
16. Ronsen O., Huge E., Klarlund P.B., Bahr R. [Increased Neuroendocrine Response to a Repeated Bout of Endurance Exercise]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2001, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 568–575.
17. Seidman S.N. [Testosterone Deficiency and Mood in Aging Men: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Interactions]. World J Biol Psychiatry, 2003, vol. 4, pp. 14–20.
18. Semba R.D. Nutrition and Health: Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, 2007, 496 p.
19. Simpson M., Xu Z. [Increased Abundance of Labile Intracellular Zinc During Cell Proliferation Was Due to Increased Retention of Extracellular Zinc in 3T3 cells], Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 541–547.
20. Stoffel-Wagner B. [Neurosteroid Metabolism in the Human Brain]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2001, vol. 145, pp. 669–679.
21. Tuna Z., Guzel N.A., Aral A.L., Elbeg S., Ozer C, Orer G.E., P?nar L. [Effects of an Acute Exercise Up to Anaerobic Threshold on Serum Anabolic and Catabolic Factors in Trained and Sedentary Young Males]. Gazi Medical Journal, 2014, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 48–51.
22. Vingren J.L., Kraemer W.J., Hatfield D.L., Volek J.S., Ratamess N.A., Anderson J.M., Hakkinen K., Ahtiainen J., Fragala M.S., Thomas G.A., Ho J.Y., Maresh C.M. [Effect of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Steroid Receptor Protein Content in Strength-Trained Men and Women]. Steroids, 2009, vol. 74, no. 13–14, pp. 1033–1039.
23. Zarrouf F.A., Artz S., Griffith J., Sirbu C., Kommor M. [Testosterone and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. J Psychiatr Pract, 2009, vol. 15, pp. 289–305.
24. Zulkarnain Satria D., Yus T.M., Rezeki S. [Effects of Regular Physical Exercise on Blood Glucose Levels and Its Relationship to Total Testosterone Levels in Diabetic Rats]. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 2015, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 16–21.
2. Gumusel B., Kandilci H.B. [Androgens, Anabolic Steroids and Antiandrogenic Drugs]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci, 2005, vol. 1, no. 35, pp. 112–118.
3. Guzelcan M.S. [Enrichment of Simit with Iron and Zinc and Determination of in Vitro Mineral Bioavailability. Ege University]. Institute of Science and Technology, Master’s thesis, Izmir 2009, pp. 112–115.
4. Johnston M., Johnston J., Cook C.J., Costley L., Kilgallon M., Kilduff L.P. [The Effect of Session Order on the Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Endocrine Responses to Maximal Speed and Weight Training Sessions Over a 24-h Period]. J Sci Med Sport, 2017, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 502–506.
5. Kartalc? S., Esel E. [Psychopharmacologic and Behavioral Effects of Neurosteroids]. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni, 2004, vol. 14, pp. 38–49.
6. Kilic M., Baltaci A.K., Gunay M., Gokbel H., Okudan N., Cicioglu I. [The Effect of Exhaustion Exercise on Thyroid Hormones and Testosterone Levels of Elite Athletes Receiving Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2005, vol. 27, no. 1–2, pp. 247–252.
7. Kilic M. [Effect of Fatiguing Bicycle Exercise on Thyroid Hormone and Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Males Supplemented with Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2007, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 681–685.
8. Koch B., Glaser S., Schaper C. [Association Between Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Exercise Capacity in Men: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)]. Journal of Andrology, 2011, vol. 32, pp. 135–143.
9. Koehler K., Parr M.K., Geyer H., Mester J., Schanzer W. [Serum Testosterone and Urinary Excretion of Steroid Hormone Metabolites after Administration of a High-Dose Zinc Supplement]. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009, vol. 63, pp. 65–70.
10. Kuhn C.M. [Anabolic Steroids]. Recent Progress in Hormone Resarch 2002, vol. 57, pp. 411–434.
11. Kumagai H., Zempo-Miyaki A., Yoshikawa T., Tsujimoto T., Tanaka K., Maeda S. [Increased Physical Activity Has a Greater Effect than Reduced Energy Intake on Lifestyle Modification-Induced Increases in Testosterone]. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 84.
12. Kurt D., Denli O., Kanay Z., Guzel C., Ceylan K. [An Investigation of the Cu, Zn, and Se Levels of Blood Serum and the Cu and Zn Levels of Wool of Akkaraman Ewes in the Diyarbakir Region. Turkish]. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2001, vol. 25, pp. 431–436.
13. Moradi F. [Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men]. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, no. 4.
14. Morley J.E. [Testosterone and Behavior]. Clin Geriatr Med, 2003, vol. 19, pp. 605–616.
15. Neek L.S., Gaeini A.A., Choobineh S. [Effect of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Serum Testosterone and Plasma Lactate in Cyclist after an Exhaustive Exercise Bout]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2011, vol. 144, pp. 454–462.
16. Ronsen O., Huge E., Klarlund P.B., Bahr R. [Increased Neuroendocrine Response to a Repeated Bout of Endurance Exercise]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2001, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 568–575.
17. Seidman S.N. [Testosterone Deficiency and Mood in Aging Men: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Interactions]. World J Biol Psychiatry, 2003, vol. 4, pp. 14–20.
18. Semba R.D. Nutrition and Health: Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, 2007, 496 p.
19. Simpson M., Xu Z. [Increased Abundance of Labile Intracellular Zinc During Cell Proliferation Was Due to Increased Retention of Extracellular Zinc in 3T3 cells], Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 541–547.
20. Stoffel-Wagner B. [Neurosteroid Metabolism in the Human Brain]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2001, vol. 145, pp. 669–679.
21. Tuna Z., Guzel N.A., Aral A.L., Elbeg S., Ozer C, Orer G.E., P?nar L. [Effects of an Acute Exercise Up to Anaerobic Threshold on Serum Anabolic and Catabolic Factors in Trained and Sedentary Young Males]. Gazi Medical Journal, 2014, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 48–51.
22. Vingren J.L., Kraemer W.J., Hatfield D.L., Volek J.S., Ratamess N.A., Anderson J.M., Hakkinen K., Ahtiainen J., Fragala M.S., Thomas G.A., Ho J.Y., Maresh C.M. [Effect of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Steroid Receptor Protein Content in Strength-Trained Men and Women]. Steroids, 2009, vol. 74, no. 13–14, pp. 1033–1039.
23. Zarrouf F.A., Artz S., Griffith J., Sirbu C., Kommor M. [Testosterone and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. J Psychiatr Pract, 2009, vol. 15, pp. 289–305.
24. Zulkarnain Satria D., Yus T.M., Rezeki S. [Effects of Regular Physical Exercise on Blood Glucose Levels and Its Relationship to Total Testosterone Levels in Diabetic Rats]. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 2015, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 16–21.
2. Gumusel B., Kandilci H.B. [Androgens, Anabolic Steroids and Antiandrogenic Drugs]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci, 2005, vol. 1, no. 35, pp. 112–118.
3. Guzelcan M.S. [Enrichment of Simit with Iron and Zinc and Determination of in Vitro Mineral Bioavailability. Ege University]. Institute of Science and Technology, Master’s thesis, Izmir 2009, pp. 112–115.
4. Johnston M., Johnston J., Cook C.J., Costley L., Kilgallon M., Kilduff L.P. [The Effect of Session Order on the Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Endocrine Responses to Maximal Speed and Weight Training Sessions Over a 24-h Period]. J Sci Med Sport, 2017, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 502–506.
5. Kartalc? S., Esel E. [Psychopharmacologic and Behavioral Effects of Neurosteroids]. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni, 2004, vol. 14, pp. 38–49.
6. Kilic M., Baltaci A.K., Gunay M., Gokbel H., Okudan N., Cicioglu I. [The Effect of Exhaustion Exercise on Thyroid Hormones and Testosterone Levels of Elite Athletes Receiving Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2005, vol. 27, no. 1–2, pp. 247–252.
7. Kilic M. [Effect of Fatiguing Bicycle Exercise on Thyroid Hormone and Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Males Supplemented with Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2007, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 681–685.
8. Koch B., Glaser S., Schaper C. [Association Between Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Exercise Capacity in Men: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)]. Journal of Andrology, 2011, vol. 32, pp. 135–143.
9. Koehler K., Parr M.K., Geyer H., Mester J., Schanzer W. [Serum Testosterone and Urinary Excretion of Steroid Hormone Metabolites after Administration of a High-Dose Zinc Supplement]. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009, vol. 63, pp. 65–70.
10. Kuhn C.M. [Anabolic Steroids]. Recent Progress in Hormone Resarch 2002, vol. 57, pp. 411–434.
11. Kumagai H., Zempo-Miyaki A., Yoshikawa T., Tsujimoto T., Tanaka K., Maeda S. [Increased Physical Activity Has a Greater Effect than Reduced Energy Intake on Lifestyle Modification-Induced Increases in Testosterone]. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 84.
12. Kurt D., Denli O., Kanay Z., Guzel C., Ceylan K. [An Investigation of the Cu, Zn, and Se Levels of Blood Serum and the Cu and Zn Levels of Wool of Akkaraman Ewes in the Diyarbakir Region. Turkish]. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2001, vol. 25, pp. 431–436.
13. Moradi F. [Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men]. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, no. 4.
14. Morley J.E. [Testosterone and Behavior]. Clin Geriatr Med, 2003, vol. 19, pp. 605–616.
15. Neek L.S., Gaeini A.A., Choobineh S. [Effect of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Serum Testosterone and Plasma Lactate in Cyclist after an Exhaustive Exercise Bout]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2011, vol. 144, pp. 454–462.
16. Ronsen O., Huge E., Klarlund P.B., Bahr R. [Increased Neuroendocrine Response to a Repeated Bout of Endurance Exercise]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2001, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 568–575.
17. Seidman S.N. [Testosterone Deficiency and Mood in Aging Men: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Interactions]. World J Biol Psychiatry, 2003, vol. 4, pp. 14–20.
18. Semba R.D. Nutrition and Health: Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, 2007, 496 p.
19. Simpson M., Xu Z. [Increased Abundance of Labile Intracellular Zinc During Cell Proliferation Was Due to Increased Retention of Extracellular Zinc in 3T3 cells], Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 541–547.
20. Stoffel-Wagner B. [Neurosteroid Metabolism in the Human Brain]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2001, vol. 145, pp. 669–679.
21. Tuna Z., Guzel N.A., Aral A.L., Elbeg S., Ozer C, Orer G.E., P?nar L. [Effects of an Acute Exercise Up to Anaerobic Threshold on Serum Anabolic and Catabolic Factors in Trained and Sedentary Young Males]. Gazi Medical Journal, 2014, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 48–51.
22. Vingren J.L., Kraemer W.J., Hatfield D.L., Volek J.S., Ratamess N.A., Anderson J.M., Hakkinen K., Ahtiainen J., Fragala M.S., Thomas G.A., Ho J.Y., Maresh C.M. [Effect of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Steroid Receptor Protein Content in Strength-Trained Men and Women]. Steroids, 2009, vol. 74, no. 13–14, pp. 1033–1039.
23. Zarrouf F.A., Artz S., Griffith J., Sirbu C., Kommor M. [Testosterone and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. J Psychiatr Pract, 2009, vol. 15, pp. 289–305.
24. Zulkarnain Satria D., Yus T.M., Rezeki S. [Effects of Regular Physical Exercise on Blood Glucose Levels and Its Relationship to Total Testosterone Levels in Diabetic Rats]. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 2015, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 16–21.
References
1. Cakmakci S. [The Effect of Anaerobic Exercises on Certain Hormone Levels in the Athletes from Different Branches]. Institute of Medical Sciences, [Master’s Thesis], Konya 2013, pp. 58–70.2. Gumusel B., Kandilci H.B. [Androgens, Anabolic Steroids and Antiandrogenic Drugs]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci, 2005, vol. 1, no. 35, pp. 112–118.
3. Guzelcan M.S. [Enrichment of Simit with Iron and Zinc and Determination of in Vitro Mineral Bioavailability. Ege University]. Institute of Science and Technology, Master’s thesis, Izmir 2009, pp. 112–115.
4. Johnston M., Johnston J., Cook C.J., Costley L., Kilgallon M., Kilduff L.P. [The Effect of Session Order on the Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Endocrine Responses to Maximal Speed and Weight Training Sessions Over a 24-h Period]. J Sci Med Sport, 2017, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 502–506.
5. Kartalc? S., Esel E. [Psychopharmacologic and Behavioral Effects of Neurosteroids]. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni, 2004, vol. 14, pp. 38–49.
6. Kilic M., Baltaci A.K., Gunay M., Gokbel H., Okudan N., Cicioglu I. [The Effect of Exhaustion Exercise on Thyroid Hormones and Testosterone Levels of Elite Athletes Receiving Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2005, vol. 27, no. 1–2, pp. 247–252.
7. Kilic M. [Effect of Fatiguing Bicycle Exercise on Thyroid Hormone and Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Males Supplemented with Oral Zinc]. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2007, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 681–685.
8. Koch B., Glaser S., Schaper C. [Association Between Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Exercise Capacity in Men: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)]. Journal of Andrology, 2011, vol. 32, pp. 135–143.
9. Koehler K., Parr M.K., Geyer H., Mester J., Schanzer W. [Serum Testosterone and Urinary Excretion of Steroid Hormone Metabolites after Administration of a High-Dose Zinc Supplement]. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009, vol. 63, pp. 65–70.
10. Kuhn C.M. [Anabolic Steroids]. Recent Progress in Hormone Resarch 2002, vol. 57, pp. 411–434.
11. Kumagai H., Zempo-Miyaki A., Yoshikawa T., Tsujimoto T., Tanaka K., Maeda S. [Increased Physical Activity Has a Greater Effect than Reduced Energy Intake on Lifestyle Modification-Induced Increases in Testosterone]. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 84.
12. Kurt D., Denli O., Kanay Z., Guzel C., Ceylan K. [An Investigation of the Cu, Zn, and Se Levels of Blood Serum and the Cu and Zn Levels of Wool of Akkaraman Ewes in the Diyarbakir Region. Turkish]. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2001, vol. 25, pp. 431–436.
13. Moradi F. [Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men]. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, vol. 6, no. 4.
14. Morley J.E. [Testosterone and Behavior]. Clin Geriatr Med, 2003, vol. 19, pp. 605–616.
15. Neek L.S., Gaeini A.A., Choobineh S. [Effect of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Serum Testosterone and Plasma Lactate in Cyclist after an Exhaustive Exercise Bout]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2011, vol. 144, pp. 454–462.
16. Ronsen O., Huge E., Klarlund P.B., Bahr R. [Increased Neuroendocrine Response to a Repeated Bout of Endurance Exercise]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2001, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 568–575.
17. Seidman S.N. [Testosterone Deficiency and Mood in Aging Men: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Interactions]. World J Biol Psychiatry, 2003, vol. 4, pp. 14–20.
18. Semba R.D. Nutrition and Health: Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, 2007, 496 p.
19. Simpson M., Xu Z. [Increased Abundance of Labile Intracellular Zinc During Cell Proliferation Was Due to Increased Retention of Extracellular Zinc in 3T3 cells], Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 541–547.
20. Stoffel-Wagner B. [Neurosteroid Metabolism in the Human Brain]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2001, vol. 145, pp. 669–679.
21. Tuna Z., Guzel N.A., Aral A.L., Elbeg S., Ozer C, Orer G.E., P?nar L. [Effects of an Acute Exercise Up to Anaerobic Threshold on Serum Anabolic and Catabolic Factors in Trained and Sedentary Young Males]. Gazi Medical Journal, 2014, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 48–51.
22. Vingren J.L., Kraemer W.J., Hatfield D.L., Volek J.S., Ratamess N.A., Anderson J.M., Hakkinen K., Ahtiainen J., Fragala M.S., Thomas G.A., Ho J.Y., Maresh C.M. [Effect of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Steroid Receptor Protein Content in Strength-Trained Men and Women]. Steroids, 2009, vol. 74, no. 13–14, pp. 1033–1039.
23. Zarrouf F.A., Artz S., Griffith J., Sirbu C., Kommor M. [Testosterone and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. J Psychiatr Pract, 2009, vol. 15, pp. 289–305.
24. Zulkarnain Satria D., Yus T.M., Rezeki S. [Effects of Regular Physical Exercise on Blood Glucose Levels and Its Relationship to Total Testosterone Levels in Diabetic Rats]. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 2015, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 16–21.
Опубликован
2017-12-01
Как цитировать
Чунар, В., Талагир, Л., Акбулут, Т., Тургут, М., & Сарукайя, М. (2017). ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ЦИНКА И СИЛОВЫХ ТРЕНИРОВОК НА УРОВЕНЬ ТЕСТОСТЕРОНА. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 17(4), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm170407
Выпуск
Раздел
Спортивная тренировка
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