ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОСТАВА ТЕЛА И РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ОЖИРЕНИЯ У СТУДЕНТОК БЕЛГРАДСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БИОИМПЕДАНСНОГО АНАЛИЗА
Аннотация
Цель. Студенты университета представляют особую группу молодых людей на заключительном этапе биологического, социального и профессионального становления, которые заканчивают свое образование и готовятся к долгосрочным обязательствам и взрослой жизни. Целью данного исследования было определение количественных характеристик, описательных моделей и закономерностей строения тела студенток Белградского университета. Материалы и методы. Выборка состояла из 862 студенток Белградского университета (26 факультетов) всех учебных программ (от бакалавриата до аспирантуры). Средний возраст учащихся составил 22,2 ± 2,6 года. Все испытуемые были разделены на восемь подгрупп в зависимости от ИМТ в соответствии со стандартами ВОЗ. Все измерения проводились в период 2014–2018 гг. в соответствии со стандартизированной процедурой с использованием системы InBody 720. Результаты. Исходя из деления на подгруппы в зависимости от ИМТ, можно утверждать, что 6,85 % учащихся женского пола имеют недостаточный вес, 80,14 % имеют нормальное значение ИМТ, 9,64 % имеют избыточный вес и только 3,13 % учащихся страдают ожирением. Используя показатель процентного содержания жира (ПСЖ) в организме в качестве критерия нутритивного статуса, можно сделать вывод, что у 0,5 % учениц ПСЖ ниже необходимого биологического уровня (ниже 10,0 %), у 1,9 % – ПСЖ находится на достаточном уровне, у 19,4 % – ПСЖ достигает уровня спортсменов, у 33,3 % ПСЖ свидетельствует о хорошей физической форме, 29,4 % демонстрируют нормальные показатели ПСЖ, а процент выборки с повышенными показателями ПСЖ составляет 15,6 %. Результаты регрессии ANOVA показали, что тенденция изменения содержания жира в организме на кг·м–2 ИМТ составила от 1,5496 до 1,5181 % в зависимости от регрессионной модели со стандартной ошибкой оценки в 4,59 %. Заключение. На основании результатов данного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что морфологический статус студенток Белградского университета находится на уровне лиц с нормальным ИМТ, при этом дефицит веса встречается вдвое чаще (6,85 %), чем ожирение (3,13 %).
Литература
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19. Rakic S., Dopsaj M., Djordjevic-Nikic M. et al. Profile and Reference Values for Body Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass Percent at Females, Aged from 18.0 to 69.9, Measured by Multichannel Segmental Bioimpedance Method: Serbian Population Study, Int J Morphology, 2019, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1286–1293. DOI: 10.4067/ S0717-95022019000401286
20. Saraykin D.A., Khusnutdinova A.A., Pavlova V.I. et al. Adaptation of Professional Athletes to Various Physical Loads by Means of Body Composition Changes. Human. Sport. Medicine, 2018, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 47–59. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.14529/hsm180305
21. Sillanpää E., Cheng S., Häkkinene K. et al. Body Composition in 18-to 88-year-old Adults – Comparison of Multifrequency Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity, 2014, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 101–109. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20583
22. Tarnus E., Bourdon E. Anthropometric Evaluations of Body Composition of Undergraduate Students at the University of La Reunion. Advances Phys Educ, 2006, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 248–253. DOI: 10.1152/advan.00069.2005
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24. World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014.
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5. Dopsaj M., Ilic V., Djordjevic-Nikic M. et al. Descriptive Model and Gender Dimorphism of Body Structure of Physically Active Students of Belgrade University: Pilot Study. Anthropologist, 2015, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 239–248. DOI: 10.1080/09720073.2015.11891658.
6. Dopsaj M., Markovic M., Kasum G. et al. Discrimination of Different Body Structure Indexes of Elite Athletes in Combat Sports Measured by Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Method. Int J Morphol, 2017, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 199–207. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-95022017000100033.
7. Dopsaj M., Marković S., Jovanović J. et al. BMI: Analysis of the Population Indicators in Working Population of the Republic of Serbia in Relation to Gender and Age. Physical Culture (Belgrade), 2018, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 148–160. DOI: 10.5937/fizkul1802148D
8. Finucane M., Stevens G.A., Cowan M.J. et al. National, Regional, and Global Trends in Body-Mass Index Since 1980: Systematic Analysis of Health Examination Surveys and Epidemiological Studies With 960 Country-Years and 9.1 Million Participants. Lancet, 2011, vol. 377, pp. 557–567. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 62037-5
9. Heyward V., Stolarczyk L. Applied Body Composition Assessment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 1996.
10. Hoffman D., Policastro P., Quick V., Lee S-K. Changes in Body Weight and Fat Mass of Man and Woman in the First Year of College: A Study of the “Freshman 15”. J Am Coll Health, 2006, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 41–45. DOI: 10.3200/JACH.55.1.41-46
11. Huang T.T.K., Harris K.J., Lee R.E. et al. Assessing Overweight, Obesity, Diet, and Physical Activity in College Students. J Am Coll Health, 2003, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 83–86. DOI: 10.1080/07448480309595728
12. Hull H., Morrow M., Heesch K. et al. Effects of the Summer Months on Body Weight and Composition in College Woman. J Women’s Health, 2007, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1501–1515. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2006.0329
13. InBody 720 The Precision Body Composition Analyzer: User’s Manual, 1996–2005 Biospace Co., Ltd., Korea: Gangnamgu, Seoul.
14. Kelly T., Yang W., Chen C-S. et al. Global Burden of Obesity in 2005 and Projections to 2030. Int J Obesity, 2008, vol. 32, pp. 1431–1437. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.102.
15. Klemenc-Ketis Z., Kersnik J., Eder K., Colariè D. Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life Among University Students. Serb Arch Med, 2011, vol. 139, no. 3–4, pp. 197–202. DOI: 10.2298/SARH1104197K
16. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends in Adult Body-Mass Index in 200 Countries from 1975 to 2014: A Pooled Analysis of 1698 Population-Based Measurement Studies With 19.2 Million Participants. Lancet, 2016, vol. 387, no. 10026, pp. 1377–1396. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
17. Nola I.A., Jelinic J.D., Matanic D. et al. Differences in Eating and Lifestyle Habits Between First and Sixth-year Medical Students from Zagreb. Coll Antropo, 2010, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1289–1294.
18. Perusse-Lachance E., Tremblay A., Drapeau V. Lifestyle Factors and Other Health Measures in a Canadian University Community, Appl Phys Nutrit Metab, 2010, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 498–506. DOI: 10.1139/H10-035
19. Rakic S., Dopsaj M., Djordjevic-Nikic M. et al. Profile and Reference Values for Body Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass Percent at Females, Aged from 18.0 to 69.9, Measured by Multichannel Segmental Bioimpedance Method: Serbian Population Study, Int J Morphology, 2019, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1286–1293. DOI: 10.4067/ S0717-95022019000401286
20. Saraykin D.A., Khusnutdinova A.A., Pavlova V.I. et al. Adaptation of Professional Athletes to Various Physical Loads by Means of Body Composition Changes. Human. Sport. Medicine, 2018, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 47–59. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.14529/hsm180305
21. Sillanpää E., Cheng S., Häkkinene K. et al. Body Composition in 18-to 88-year-old Adults – Comparison of Multifrequency Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity, 2014, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 101–109. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20583
22. Tarnus E., Bourdon E. Anthropometric Evaluations of Body Composition of Undergraduate Students at the University of La Reunion. Advances Phys Educ, 2006, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 248–253. DOI: 10.1152/advan.00069.2005
23. Wardle J., Haase A.M., Steptoe A. Body Image and Weight Control in Young Adults: International Comparisons in University Students from 22 Countries. Int J Obesity, 2006, vol. 30, pp. 644–651. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803050
24. World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014.
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