ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В СФЕРЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ И СПОРТА ЗА РУБЕЖОМ: АНАЛИЗ ВЕДУЩИХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ПРАКТИК
Ключевые слова:
государственная политика, зарубежный опыт, физическая активность, массовый спорт
Аннотация
Цель исследования состоит в анализе основных тенденций развития физической активности и массового спорта в зарубежных государствах, которые являются лидерами олимпийского спорта. Материал и методы. В рамках данной работы применялся метод кейс-стади к исследованию организационной структуры сферы физической активности и спорта в конкретных зарубежных государствах. Рассматривались основные тенденции государственной политики по повышению уровня двигательной активности на примере США, Великобритании, Франции, Канады и ФРГ. В ходе работы были также применены сравнительный анализ, обобщение, метод экспертной оценки. Результаты. Представлен анализ основных тенденций в развитии физической активности и массового спорта в зарубежных государствах – лидерах олимпийского спорта. На примере деятельности органов государственной власти и общественных организаций показаны различные механизмы вовлечения местного населения в занятия физической активностью и спортом. Выводы. В результате проведенного анализа выявлены тенденции развития физической активности и массового спорта, которые являются характерными для большинства ведущих спортивных держав. Сделан вывод о том, что представленный зарубежный опыт может способствовать совершенствованию системы государственного управления в сфере физической культуры и спорта в Российской Федерации, в том числе в разработке дополнительных механизмов по вовлечению в занятия физической активностью и спортом различных групп населения.
Литература
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2. Dolmatova T.V., Abalyan A.G., Antseliovich A.A. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie v sfere fizicheskoy kulturoy I sportom za rubezhom na primere Velikobritanii [State Governance in Sport on the Example of the Great Britain]. Smolensk, Print-Express Publ., 2019. 136 p.
3. The Concept of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. Available at: http://government.ru/info/6217/ (accessed 05.08.2019).
4. 2019 Canadian High Performance Sport Strategy. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/sport-policies-acts-regulations/high-performance-strategy.html (ac-cessed 12.02.2020).
5. Harwood C., Keegan R., Smith J.M.J., Raine A.S. A Systematic Review of the Intrapersonal Correlates of Motivational Climate Perceptions in Sport and Physical Activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2015, vol. 18, pp. 9–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.005
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7. Athlete Appearances. About Us. Available at: https://www.britishcanoeing.org.uk/olympic-paralympic/athlete-appearances (accessed 10.08.2019).
8. Bairner A.E.S. For a Sociology of Sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 2012, no. 29, pp. 102–117. DOI: 10.1123/ssj.29.1.102
9. Bairner A.E.S., Whigham S. Analysing Sport Policy and Politics: the Promises and Challenges of Synthesising Methodological Approaches. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2018, no. 10 (4), pp. 721–740. DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2018.1450773
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11. Breuer C., Elmose-Osterland K., Nichols G. Characteristics of European Sport Clubs. A Comparison of the Structure, Management, Voluntary Work and Social Integration Among Sports Clubs Across ten European Countries. Odense: University of Southern Denmark, 2017. 110 p.
12. FFC. Les Facteurs de la Performance. Available at: https://www.ffc.fr/les-facteurs-performance/ (accessed 14.01.2020).
13. Green M., Houlihan B. Elite Sport Development. Policy Learning and Political Priorities. Londonand New York: Routledge, 2005. DOI: 10.4324/9780203022245
14. Green M., Oakley B. Elite Sport Development Systems and Playing to Win: Uniformity and Diversity in International Approaches. Leisure Studies, 2001, no. 20, pp. 247–267. DOI: 10.1080/02614360110103598
15. Grix J. From Hobbyhorse to Mainstream: Using Sport to Understand British Politics. British Politics, 2010, no. 5 (1), pp. 114–129. DOI: 10.1057/bp.2009.28
16. Grix J., Carmichael F. Why Do Governments Invest in Elite Sport? A Polemic. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2014, no. 4 (1), pp. 73–90. DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2011.627358
17. Healthy People. Mid-Course Review. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hpdata2020/HP2020MCR-C33-PA.pdf (accessed 17.01.2020).
18. Houlihan B. Public Sector Sport Policy: Developing a Framework for Analysis. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2005, no. 40 (2), pp. 63–185. DOI: 10.1177/1012690205057193
19. Grix J., Brannagan P.M., Houlihan B. Interrogating States’ Soft Power Strategies: a Case Study of Sports Mega-Events in Brazil and the UK. Global Society, 2015, no. 29 (3), pp. 463–479. DOI: 10.1080/13600826.2015.1047743
20. Learn to Ski and Snowboard Month 2019 Records Second Best Year Ever. Available at: https://learntoskiandsnowboard.org/about/media-center/press-releases/948-learn-to-ski-and-snowboard-month-2019-records-second-best-year-ever (accessed 19.01.2020).
21. Ministerium fur Kultus, Jugeng and Sport Baden-Wuerttemberg Fit für Lernen und Leben. Available at: https://www.km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Jugend_Sport/Fit+fuer+Lernen+und+Leben (accessed 11.01.2020).
22. Ridpath D. Alternative Models of Sports Development in America: Solutions to a Crisis in Education and Public Health. Ohio University Sport Management Series, 2018.
23. Seippel O. The Meanings of Sport: Fun, Health, Beauty or Community? Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 2006, vol. 9, pp. 51–70. DOI: 10.1080/17430430500355790
24. SHAPE America. Status of Physical Education in the USA. Available at: https://www.shapeamerica.org/advocacy/son/ (accessed 07.02.2020).
25. Sport and Recreation Alliance. Who we are, what we do. Available at: https://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/pages/about-us (accessed 14.01.2020).
26. Sport for Life. About us. Available at: https://sportforlife.ca/about-us/ (accessed 10.10.2019).
27. Sporting Future: A New Strategy for an Active Nation. Available at: https://assets.publishing.ser-vice.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486622/Sporting_Future_ ACCESSIBLE.pdf (accessed 14.01.2020).
28. The Heart of an Active Nation – our New Strategy for 2017–21. Available at: https://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/pages/heart-of-an-active-nation (accessed 18.02.2020).
2. Долматова, Т.В. Государственное управление в сфере физической культуры и спорта за рубежом на примере Великобритании / Т.В. Долматова, А.Г. Абалян, А.А. Анцелиович. – Смоленск: ООО «Принт-Экспресс», 2019. – 136 с.
3. Концепция долгосрочного социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации на период до 2020 года. – http://government.ru/info/6217/ (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).
4. 2019 Canadian High Performance Sport Strategy. – https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/sport-policies-acts-regulations/high-performance-strategy.html (дата обращения: 12.02.2020).
5. A systematic review of the intrapersonal correlates of motivational climate perceptions in sport and physical activity / C. Harwood, R. Keegan, J.M.J. Smith, A.S. Raine // Psychology of Sport and Exercise. – 2015. – Vol. 18. – Р. 9–25. – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029214001897?via%3Dihub.
6. American Development Model. About. – https://www.teamusa.org/adm (дата обращения: 13.10.2019).
7. Athlete Appearances. AboutUs. – https://www.britishcanoeing.org.uk/olympic-paralympic/athlete-appearances (дата обращения: 10.08.2019).
8. Bairner, A.E.S. For a Sociology of Sport / A.E.S. Bairner // Sociology of Sport Journal. – 2012. – No. 29. – Р. 102–117.
9. Bairner, A.E.S. Analysing sport policy and politics: the promises and challenges of synthesising methodological approaches / A.E.S. Bairner, S. Whigham // International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. – 2018. – No. 10 (4). – Р. 721–740. DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2018.1450773
10. British judo. Destination British judo. – https://www.britishjudo.org.uk/clubs/my-club/initiatives-and-programmes/destinationbritishjudo/ (дата обращения: 12.01.2020).
11. Characteristics of European sport clubs. A comparison of the structure, management, voluntary work and social integration among sports clubs across ten European countries / C. Breuer, K. Elmose-Osterland, G. Nichols et al. Odense: University of Southern Denmark, 2017. – 110 p. – https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1702383&context=L&vid=Liri-as&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab& lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1
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13. Green, M., Houlihan, B. Elite sport development. Policy learning and political priorities / M. Green, B. Houlihan. – Londonand New York: Routledge, 2005.
14. Green, M. Elite sport development systems and playing to win: uniformity and diversity in international approaches / M. Green, B. Oakley // Leisure Studies. – 2001. – No. 20. – Р. 247–267.
15. Grix, J. From hobbyhorse to main-stream: Using sport to understand British politics / J. Grix // British Politics. – 2010. – No. 5 (1). – Р. 114–129.
16. Grix, J., Carmichael, F. Why Do Governments Invest in Elite Sport? A Polemic / J. Grix, F. Carmichael // International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. – 2014. – No. 4 (1). – Р. 73–90.
17. Healthy People. Mid-Course Review. – https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hpdata2020/HP2020MCR-C33-PA.pdf (дата обращения: 17.01.2020).
18. Houlihan, B. Public Sector Sport Policy: Developing a Framework for Analysis / B. Houlihan // International Review for the Sociology of Sport. – 2005. – No. 40 (2). – Р. 63–185.
19. Interrogating states’ soft power strategies: a case study of sports megaevents in Brazil and the UK / J. Grix, P.M. Brannagan, B. Houlihan // Global Society. – 2015. – No. 29 (3). – Р. 463–479. DOI: 10.1080/13600826.2015.1047743
20. Learn to Ski and Snowboard Month 2019 Records Second Best Year Ever. – https://learntoskiandsnow-board.org/about/media-center/press-releases/948-learn-to-ski-and-snowboard-month-2019-records-second-best-year-ever (дата обращения: 19.01.2020).
21. Ministerium fur Kultus, Jugeng and Sport Baden-Wuerttemberg Fit fürLernen und Leben. – https://www.km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Jugend_Sport/Fit+fuer+Lernen+und+Leben (дата обращения: 11.01.2020).
22. Ridpath, D. Alternative Models of Sports Development in America: Solutions to a Crisis in Education and Public Health. Ohio University Sport Management Series, 2018.
23. Seippel, O. The Meanings of Sport: Fun, Health, Beauty or Community? / O. Seippel // Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics. – 2006. – Vol. 9. – P. 51–70. – https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17430430500355790
24. SHAPE America.Status of Physical Education in the USA. – https://www.shapeamerica.org/advocacy/son/ (дата обращения: 07.02.2020).
25. Sport and Recreation Alliance. Who we are, what we do. –https://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/pages/about-us (дата обращения: 14.01.2020).
26. Sport for Life. Aboutus. – https://sportforlife.ca/about-us/ (дата обращения: 10.10.2019).
27. Sporting Future: A New Strategy for an Active Nation. – https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach-ment_data/file/486622/Sporting_Future_ACCESSIBLE.pdf (дата обращения: 14.01.2020).
28. The Heart of an Active Nation – our new strategy for 2017–21. – https://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/pages/heart-of-an-active-nation (дата обращения: 18.02.2020).
References
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7. Athlete Appearances. About Us. Available at: https://www.britishcanoeing.org.uk/olympic-paralympic/athlete-appearances (accessed 10.08.2019).
8. Bairner A.E.S. For a Sociology of Sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 2012, no. 29, pp. 102–117. DOI: 10.1123/ssj.29.1.102
9. Bairner A.E.S., Whigham S. Analysing Sport Policy and Politics: the Promises and Challenges of Synthesising Methodological Approaches. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2018, no. 10 (4), pp. 721–740. DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2018.1450773
10. British Judo. Destination British Judo. Available at: https://www.britishjudo.org.uk/clubs/my-club/initiatives-and-programmes/destinationbritishjudo/ (accessed 12.01.2020).
11. Breuer C., Elmose-Osterland K., Nichols G. Characteristics of European Sport Clubs. A Comparison of the Structure, Management, Voluntary Work and Social Integration Among Sports Clubs Across ten European Countries. Odense: University of Southern Denmark, 2017. 110 p.
12. FFC. Les Facteurs de la Performance. Available at: https://www.ffc.fr/les-facteurs-performance/ (accessed 14.01.2020).
13. Green M., Houlihan B. Elite Sport Development. Policy Learning and Political Priorities. Londonand New York: Routledge, 2005. DOI: 10.4324/9780203022245
14. Green M., Oakley B. Elite Sport Development Systems and Playing to Win: Uniformity and Diversity in International Approaches. Leisure Studies, 2001, no. 20, pp. 247–267. DOI: 10.1080/02614360110103598
15. Grix J. From Hobbyhorse to Mainstream: Using Sport to Understand British Politics. British Politics, 2010, no. 5 (1), pp. 114–129. DOI: 10.1057/bp.2009.28
16. Grix J., Carmichael F. Why Do Governments Invest in Elite Sport? A Polemic. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2014, no. 4 (1), pp. 73–90. DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2011.627358
17. Healthy People. Mid-Course Review. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hpdata2020/HP2020MCR-C33-PA.pdf (accessed 17.01.2020).
18. Houlihan B. Public Sector Sport Policy: Developing a Framework for Analysis. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2005, no. 40 (2), pp. 63–185. DOI: 10.1177/1012690205057193
19. Grix J., Brannagan P.M., Houlihan B. Interrogating States’ Soft Power Strategies: a Case Study of Sports Mega-Events in Brazil and the UK. Global Society, 2015, no. 29 (3), pp. 463–479. DOI: 10.1080/13600826.2015.1047743
20. Learn to Ski and Snowboard Month 2019 Records Second Best Year Ever. Available at: https://learntoskiandsnowboard.org/about/media-center/press-releases/948-learn-to-ski-and-snowboard-month-2019-records-second-best-year-ever (accessed 19.01.2020).
21. Ministerium fur Kultus, Jugeng and Sport Baden-Wuerttemberg Fit für Lernen und Leben. Available at: https://www.km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Jugend_Sport/Fit+fuer+Lernen+und+Leben (accessed 11.01.2020).
22. Ridpath D. Alternative Models of Sports Development in America: Solutions to a Crisis in Education and Public Health. Ohio University Sport Management Series, 2018.
23. Seippel O. The Meanings of Sport: Fun, Health, Beauty or Community? Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 2006, vol. 9, pp. 51–70. DOI: 10.1080/17430430500355790
24. SHAPE America. Status of Physical Education in the USA. Available at: https://www.shapeamerica.org/advocacy/son/ (accessed 07.02.2020).
25. Sport and Recreation Alliance. Who we are, what we do. Available at: https://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/pages/about-us (accessed 14.01.2020).
26. Sport for Life. About us. Available at: https://sportforlife.ca/about-us/ (accessed 10.10.2019).
27. Sporting Future: A New Strategy for an Active Nation. Available at: https://assets.publishing.ser-vice.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486622/Sporting_Future_ ACCESSIBLE.pdf (accessed 14.01.2020).
28. The Heart of an Active Nation – our New Strategy for 2017–21. Available at: https://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/pages/heart-of-an-active-nation (accessed 18.02.2020).
Опубликован
2021-06-08
Как цитировать
Долматова, Т., & Зубкова, А. (2021). ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В СФЕРЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ И СПОРТА ЗА РУБЕЖОМ: АНАЛИЗ ВЕДУЩИХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ПРАКТИК. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 21(1), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm210114
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