СПОРТИВНАЯ АДДИКЦИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Ключевые слова:
спортивная аддикция, зависимость от спорта, поведенческая аддикция, тормозный контроль, система вознаграждения
Аннотация
Цель данного исследования – проанализировать литературные данные за последнее десятилетие, касающиеся концепции, механизмов развития, сопутствующих факторов и распространённости спортивной аддикции (СА). Материалы и методы. Поиск статей осуществлялся по базам Medline, Web of Science, Elibrary. Результаты. В основе определения СА заложены признаки, характерные для других поведенческих аддикций, когда тренировка становится не просто важной, а самой главной частью жизни человека. В последнее десятилетие внимание ученых обращено к изучению функциональных и нейробиологических изменений при СА в системах вознаграждения и тормозного контроля, связанных с нейромедиаторным дисбалансом, приводящим к гиперактивации дофаминергической системы. Вероятно, в патогенез развития СА вносит вклад сама физическая нагрузка, повышая чувствительность системы вознаграждения в центральной нервной системе, но эти изменения проявляются после длительного периода тренировок. Также развитию СА может способствовать употребление анаболических стероидов, провоцирующих дисбаланс в системе нейротрансмиттеров, вовлеченных в процесс поощрения в головном мозге. В фитнесе частота встречаемости лиц с высоким риском СА у российских спортсменов выше, чем у спортсменов Дании и Венгрии, но не отличается от немецких. У российских футболистов выявлен более высокий риск развития СА по сравнению с датскими футболистами. Заключение. Для глубинного понимания проблемы спортивной аддикции, в частности, изучения механизмов патогенеза и влияния СА на производительность спортсмена, необходимы дальнейшие исследования.
Литература
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32. Leone J.E. Muscle Dysmorphia Symptomatology and Extreme Drive for Muscularity in a 23-Year-Old Woman: a Case Study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2009, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 988–995. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a0547a
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38. Monok K., Berczik K., Urban R. et al. Psychometric Properties and Concurrent Validity of Two Exercise Addiction Measures: a Population Wide Study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2012, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 739–746. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.06.003
39. Lichtenstein M., Nielsen R.O., Gudex C. et al. Psychosocial Functioning in Injured and Non-Injured Athletes with Symptoms of Exercise Addiction. European Psychiatry, 2017, vol. 41, pp. 205–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2163
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Опубликован
2022-02-07
Как цитировать
Зинченко, М., Гультяева, В., Урюмцев, Д., & Кривощёков, С. (2022). СПОРТИВНАЯ АДДИКЦИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ). Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 21(4), 139-149. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm210416
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Спортивная тренировка
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