ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗНЫХ ДОЗ КРЕАТИНА НА СИЛОВЫЕ И СКОРОСТНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА ФУТБОЛИСТОВ В ПОДГОТОВИТЕЛЬНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ
Ключевые слова:
креатин, влияние разных доз, результативность, футболисты
Аннотация
Цель. Настоящее исследование направлено на изучение влияния разных доз креатина (CrS) на мышечную силу и скоростные показатели у элитных спортсменов в течение подготовительного периода. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводили в течение 30 дней при участии 24 профессиональных футболистов (возраст – 23,5 ± 3,8 года; вес – 72,4 ± 6,2 кг; рост – 172 ± 5,2 см). Двенадцать футболистов экспериментальной группы (Egr) в первые 10 дней получали моногидрат креатина в дозе 15 г/сут., в следующие 10 дней в дозе 10 г/сут. и в последние 10 дней в дозе 5 г/сут. Параллельно исследование проводили в группе плацебо (Cogr), включающей двенадцать (12) футболистов. Тесты выполняли несколько раз: в начале эксперимента и каждые 10 дней 30-дневного исследования. Тесты включали спринт (20 м), бросок медицинского мяча, прыжок в длину и тройной прыжок. Межгрупповые различия в параметрах исследования оценивали с помощью t-критерия, а влияние дозы креатина анализировали с использованием дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA). Результаты. На основании полученных результатов пришли к выводу, что использование креатина приводит к статистическому изменению результатов спринта (20 м) и бросания медицинского мяча на всех трех этапах оценки (10, 20 и 30 дней), при этом величина эффекта (ɳ2) составила от 44,59 до 80,28 % (p < 0,01). Использование креатина не оказало существенного влияния на результаты прыжковых тестов, величина эффекта (ɳ2) составила от 2,58 до 22,08 % (p > 0,05). Заключение. Установили, что снижение дозы креатина не приводит к статистическому изменению величины эффекта параметров исследования. Использование креатина значительно улучшило скорость бега и мышечную силу футболистов, что позволяет рекомендовать его в качестве вспомогательного средства в ходе предсезонной подготовки.
Литература
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32. Sims S.T., Van Vliet L., Cotter J.D., Reher N.J. Sodium Loading Aids Fluid Balance and Reduces Physiological Strain of Trained Men Exercise in the Heat. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007, vol. 39, pp. 123–130. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000241639.97972.4a
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2. Branch J.D. Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition and Performance: A Meta Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2003, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 198–226. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.13.2.198
3. Bird S.P. Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Performance: A Brief Review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2003, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 123–132.
4. Coyle E.F. Fluid and Fuel Intake During Exercise. Journal of Sports Science, 2004, vol. 22, pp. 39–55. DOI: 10.1080/0264041031000140545
5. Curelli K., Jeukendrup A.E. Superior Endurance Performance with Ingestion of Multiple Transportable Carbohydrates. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008, vol. 40, pp. 275–281. DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19
6. Chambers E.S., Bridge M.W., Jones D.A. Carbohydrate Sensing in the Human Mouth: Effects on Exercise Performance and Brain Activity. The Journal of Physiology, 2009, vol. 587, pp. 1779–1794. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285
7. Gualano B.J., Roshel H., Lancha A.H. et al. In Sickness and Health: The Widespread Application of Creatine Supplementation. Amino Acids, 2012, vol. 43 no. 2, pp. 519–529. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1132-7
8. Claudino J.G., Mezêncio B., Amaral S. et al. Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Lower-limb Muscle Power in Brazilian Elite Football Players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014, vol. 11, p. 32. DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-32
9. Hawley J.A., Tipton K.D., Millard-Stafford M.L. Promoting Training Adaptations Throw Nutritional Intervention. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2006, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/ 02640410500482727
10. Hamilton B., Whitely R., Farooq A., Chalabi H. Vitamin D Concentration in 342 Professional Football Players and Association with Lower Limb Isokinetic Function. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2014, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.006
11. Hector A.J., Phillips S.M. Protein Recommendations for Weight Loss in Elite. A Focus on Body Composition and Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2018, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 2017–2073. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0273
12. Heaton L.E., Davis J.K., Rawson E.S. et al. In Season Nutrition Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes. Sports Medicine, 2017, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2201–2218. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2
13. Izquierdo M., Ibañez J., González-Badillo J.J., Gorostiaga E.M. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Power, Endurance, and Sprint Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 332–343. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00023
14. Kreider R.B. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Performance and Training Adaptations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003, vol. 244 (1-2), pp. 89–94. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0247-0_13
15. Krustrup P., Mohrn M., Steensberg A. et al. Muscle and Blood Metabolite During Football Game: Implications for Sprint Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1165–1174. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000222845.89262.cd
16. Louise M., Burke John A., Hawley S. et al. Carbohydrates for Training and Competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2011, vol. 29, suppl. 1, pp. 17–27.
17. Mujika I., Padilla S., Ibañez J. et al. Creatine Supplementation and Sprint Performance in Football Players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000, vol. 32, pp. 518–525. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200002000-00039
18. Nybo L., Pedersen B., Christensen B. et al. Impact of Carbohydrate Supplementation During Endurance Training on Glycogen Storage and Performance. Acta Physiologica, 2009, vol. 197, no. 2, pp. 117–127. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01996.x
19. Ostojic S.M. Creatine Supplementation in Young Football Players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2004, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 95–103. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.14.1.95
20. Peake M., Neubauer O., Valsh N.P., Simpson R.J. Recovery of the Immune System After Exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017, vol. 122, no. 5, pp. 1077–1087. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol. 00622.2016
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22. Phillips S.M. Protein Requirements and Supplementation in Strength Sports. Nutrition, 2004, vol. 20, pp. 689–695. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009
23. Phillips S.M. Dietary Protein for Athletes. From Requirements to Metabolic Advantage. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2006, vol. 31, pp. 647–654. DOI: 10.1139/h06-035
24. Phillips S.M., Moore D.R., Tang J.E. A Critical Examination of Dietary Protein Requirements, Benefits, and Excesses in Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2007, vol. 17, pp. 58–76. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.17.s1.s58
25. Pfeiffer B., Stellingwerf T., Zaltas E. et al. Carbohydrate Oxidation from a Drink Running Compared with Cycling Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 327–334. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebc488
26. Pfeiffer B., Stellinwerf T., Zaltas E., Jeukendrup A.E. CHO Oxidation from a CHO Gel Compared with a Drink During Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010, vol. 42, pp. 2038–2045. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e0efe6
27. Reilly T. Training Specificity for Football. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2005, vol. 17, pp. 17–25.
28. Rennie M.J., Wackerhage H., Spangerburg E.E., Bouth F.W. Control of the Size of the Human Muscle Mass. Annu Rev Physiology, 2004, vol. 66, pp. 799–828. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.66. 052102.134444
29. Steenge G.R., Simpson, E.J., Greenhaff R.L. Protein and Carbohydrates Induced Augmentation of whale Body Creatine Retention in Humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 1165–1171. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1165
30. Stellingwerff T., Cox G.R. Systematic Review: Carbohydrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance of Capacity of Varying Durations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2014, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 998–1011. DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0027
31. Smith J.W., Zachwieja J.J., Horswill C.A. et al. Evidence of a Carbohydrate Dose and Prolonged Exercise Performance Relationship. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010, vol. 42, p. 84. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000385615.40977.c3
32. Sims S.T., Van Vliet L., Cotter J.D., Reher N.J. Sodium Loading Aids Fluid Balance and Reduces Physiological Strain of Trained Men Exercise in the Heat. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007, vol. 39, pp. 123–130. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000241639.97972.4a
33. Tscholl P., Junge A., Dvorak J. The Use of Medication and Nutritional Supplements During FIFA World Cups 2002 and 2006. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008, 42, pp. 725–730. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.045187
34. Terjung R.L., Clarkson P., Eichner E.R. et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The Physiological and Health Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000, vol. 32, no. (3), pp. 706–717. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200003000-00024
35. Triplett D., Doyle J.A., Rupp J.C., Benardot D. An Isocaloric Glucose-fructose Beverage‘s Effect on Simulated 100-km Cycling Performance Compared with a Glucose-only Beverage. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2010, vol. 20, pp. 122–131. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.122
36. Wyss M., Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 2000, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 1107–1213. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107
37. Williams J., Abt G., Kilding A.E. Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Simulated Soccer Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 503–510. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0407
2. Branch J.D. Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition and Performance: A Meta Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2003, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 198–226. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.13.2.198
3. Bird S.P. Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Performance: A Brief Review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2003, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 123–132.
4. Coyle E.F. Fluid and Fuel Intake During Exercise. Journal of Sports Science, 2004, vol. 22, pp. 39–55. DOI: 10.1080/0264041031000140545
5. Curelli K., Jeukendrup A.E. Superior Endurance Performance with Ingestion of Multiple Transportable Carbohydrates. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008, vol. 40, pp. 275–281. DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19
6. Chambers E.S., Bridge M.W., Jones D.A. Carbohydrate Sensing in the Human Mouth: Effects on Exercise Performance and Brain Activity. The Journal of Physiology, 2009, vol. 587, pp. 1779–1794. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285
7. Gualano B.J., Roshel H., Lancha A.H. et al. In Sickness and Health: The Widespread Application of Creatine Supplementation. Amino Acids, 2012, vol. 43 no. 2, pp. 519–529. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1132-7
8. Claudino J.G., Mezêncio B., Amaral S. et al. Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Lower-limb Muscle Power in Brazilian Elite Football Players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014, vol. 11, p. 32. DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-32
9. Hawley J.A., Tipton K.D., Millard-Stafford M.L. Promoting Training Adaptations Throw Nutritional Intervention. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2006, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/ 02640410500482727
10. Hamilton B., Whitely R., Farooq A., Chalabi H. Vitamin D Concentration in 342 Professional Football Players and Association with Lower Limb Isokinetic Function. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2014, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.006
11. Hector A.J., Phillips S.M. Protein Recommendations for Weight Loss in Elite. A Focus on Body Composition and Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2018, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 2017–2073. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0273
12. Heaton L.E., Davis J.K., Rawson E.S. et al. In Season Nutrition Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes. Sports Medicine, 2017, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2201–2218. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2
13. Izquierdo M., Ibañez J., González-Badillo J.J., Gorostiaga E.M. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Power, Endurance, and Sprint Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 332–343. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00023
14. Kreider R.B. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Performance and Training Adaptations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003, vol. 244 (1-2), pp. 89–94. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0247-0_13
15. Krustrup P., Mohrn M., Steensberg A. et al. Muscle and Blood Metabolite During Football Game: Implications for Sprint Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1165–1174. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000222845.89262.cd
16. Louise M., Burke John A., Hawley S. et al. Carbohydrates for Training and Competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2011, vol. 29, suppl. 1, pp. 17–27.
17. Mujika I., Padilla S., Ibañez J. et al. Creatine Supplementation and Sprint Performance in Football Players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000, vol. 32, pp. 518–525. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200002000-00039
18. Nybo L., Pedersen B., Christensen B. et al. Impact of Carbohydrate Supplementation During Endurance Training on Glycogen Storage and Performance. Acta Physiologica, 2009, vol. 197, no. 2, pp. 117–127. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01996.x
19. Ostojic S.M. Creatine Supplementation in Young Football Players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2004, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 95–103. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.14.1.95
20. Peake M., Neubauer O., Valsh N.P., Simpson R.J. Recovery of the Immune System After Exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017, vol. 122, no. 5, pp. 1077–1087. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol. 00622.2016
21. Betts J.A., Williams C. Short-term Recovery from Prolonged Exercise: Exploring the Potential for Protein Ingestion to Accurate the Benefits of Carbohydrate Supplementations. Sports Medicine, 2010, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 941–959. DOI: 10.2165/11536900-000000000-00000
22. Phillips S.M. Protein Requirements and Supplementation in Strength Sports. Nutrition, 2004, vol. 20, pp. 689–695. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009
23. Phillips S.M. Dietary Protein for Athletes. From Requirements to Metabolic Advantage. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2006, vol. 31, pp. 647–654. DOI: 10.1139/h06-035
24. Phillips S.M., Moore D.R., Tang J.E. A Critical Examination of Dietary Protein Requirements, Benefits, and Excesses in Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2007, vol. 17, pp. 58–76. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.17.s1.s58
25. Pfeiffer B., Stellingwerf T., Zaltas E. et al. Carbohydrate Oxidation from a Drink Running Compared with Cycling Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 327–334. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebc488
26. Pfeiffer B., Stellinwerf T., Zaltas E., Jeukendrup A.E. CHO Oxidation from a CHO Gel Compared with a Drink During Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010, vol. 42, pp. 2038–2045. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e0efe6
27. Reilly T. Training Specificity for Football. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2005, vol. 17, pp. 17–25.
28. Rennie M.J., Wackerhage H., Spangerburg E.E., Bouth F.W. Control of the Size of the Human Muscle Mass. Annu Rev Physiology, 2004, vol. 66, pp. 799–828. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.66. 052102.134444
29. Steenge G.R., Simpson, E.J., Greenhaff R.L. Protein and Carbohydrates Induced Augmentation of whale Body Creatine Retention in Humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 1165–1171. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1165
30. Stellingwerff T., Cox G.R. Systematic Review: Carbohydrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance of Capacity of Varying Durations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2014, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 998–1011. DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0027
31. Smith J.W., Zachwieja J.J., Horswill C.A. et al. Evidence of a Carbohydrate Dose and Prolonged Exercise Performance Relationship. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010, vol. 42, p. 84. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000385615.40977.c3
32. Sims S.T., Van Vliet L., Cotter J.D., Reher N.J. Sodium Loading Aids Fluid Balance and Reduces Physiological Strain of Trained Men Exercise in the Heat. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007, vol. 39, pp. 123–130. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000241639.97972.4a
33. Tscholl P., Junge A., Dvorak J. The Use of Medication and Nutritional Supplements During FIFA World Cups 2002 and 2006. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008, 42, pp. 725–730. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.045187
34. Terjung R.L., Clarkson P., Eichner E.R. et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The Physiological and Health Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000, vol. 32, no. (3), pp. 706–717. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200003000-00024
35. Triplett D., Doyle J.A., Rupp J.C., Benardot D. An Isocaloric Glucose-fructose Beverage‘s Effect on Simulated 100-km Cycling Performance Compared with a Glucose-only Beverage. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2010, vol. 20, pp. 122–131. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.122
36. Wyss M., Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 2000, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 1107–1213. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107
37. Williams J., Abt G., Kilding A.E. Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Simulated Soccer Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 503–510. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0407
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25. Pfeiffer B., Stellingwerf T., Zaltas E. et al. Carbohydrate Oxidation from a Drink Running Compared with Cycling Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 327–334. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebc488
26. Pfeiffer B., Stellinwerf T., Zaltas E., Jeukendrup A.E. CHO Oxidation from a CHO Gel Compared with a Drink During Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010, vol. 42, pp. 2038–2045. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e0efe6
27. Reilly T. Training Specificity for Football. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2005, vol. 17, pp. 17–25.
28. Rennie M.J., Wackerhage H., Spangerburg E.E., Bouth F.W. Control of the Size of the Human Muscle Mass. Annu Rev Physiology, 2004, vol. 66, pp. 799–828. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.66. 052102.134444
29. Steenge G.R., Simpson, E.J., Greenhaff R.L. Protein and Carbohydrates Induced Augmentation of whale Body Creatine Retention in Humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 1165–1171. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1165
30. Stellingwerff T., Cox G.R. Systematic Review: Carbohydrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance of Capacity of Varying Durations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2014, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 998–1011. DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0027
31. Smith J.W., Zachwieja J.J., Horswill C.A. et al. Evidence of a Carbohydrate Dose and Prolonged Exercise Performance Relationship. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010, vol. 42, p. 84. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000385615.40977.c3
32. Sims S.T., Van Vliet L., Cotter J.D., Reher N.J. Sodium Loading Aids Fluid Balance and Reduces Physiological Strain of Trained Men Exercise in the Heat. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007, vol. 39, pp. 123–130. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000241639.97972.4a
33. Tscholl P., Junge A., Dvorak J. The Use of Medication and Nutritional Supplements During FIFA World Cups 2002 and 2006. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008, 42, pp. 725–730. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.045187
34. Terjung R.L., Clarkson P., Eichner E.R. et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The Physiological and Health Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000, vol. 32, no. (3), pp. 706–717. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200003000-00024
35. Triplett D., Doyle J.A., Rupp J.C., Benardot D. An Isocaloric Glucose-fructose Beverage‘s Effect on Simulated 100-km Cycling Performance Compared with a Glucose-only Beverage. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2010, vol. 20, pp. 122–131. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.122
36. Wyss M., Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 2000, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 1107–1213. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107
37. Williams J., Abt G., Kilding A.E. Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Simulated Soccer Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 503–510. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0407
Опубликован
2024-07-25
Как цитировать
Бен Саид, Н., Инубли, Л., Бен Саид, И., Корягина, Ю., Аммар, М., Акимкина, О., & Инубли, М. (2024). ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗНЫХ ДОЗ КРЕАТИНА НА СИЛОВЫЕ И СКОРОСТНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА ФУТБОЛИСТОВ В ПОДГОТОВИТЕЛЬНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 24(2), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm240213
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