ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОРТИВНОЙ ТРЕНИРОВКИ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СХЕМЫ ТЕЛА У ДЕТЕЙ 8 ЛЕТ: АНАЛИЗ НА ОСНОВЕ АКТИВНОГО ВЫВОДА
Ключевые слова:
позная устойчивость, схема тела, активный вывод, дети, спортивная специализация
Аннотация
Цель: теоретический анализ влияния целенаправленных спортивных занятий детей 8 лет на восприятие ими схемы тела с учетом специфики соответствующих видов спорта. Материалы и методы. Участниками обследования были дети (n = 169) в возрасте 8 ± 0,33 года, занимающиеся игровыми видами спорта (футбол и хоккей на льду), спортивной гимнастикой и горными лыжами. Исследование позной устойчивости проводилось с применением стабилометрического комплекса «Стабилан-01» с биологической обратной связью («Ритм», Таганрог, Россия). Разработанная модель управления на основе теории активного выхода позволила идентифицировать схему тела как внутреннюю причину, объясняющую экспериментальные данные. Результаты. Установлено у 8-летних спортсменов со спортивным стажем не менее трех лет: гимнасты имеют неточную схему тела, обусловленную ошибками в прогнозировании сенсорных эффектов позы, компенсирующуюся двигательными гиперкоррекциями; схема тела игровиков отличается более точными априорными представлениями о динамике тела, сбалансированностью данных от сенсорных источников; инертный рисунок тела горнолыжников характеризуется недостаточно точным прогнозированием изменений условий движения, приводящим к энергозатратным коррекциям. Заключение. Полученные результаты показывают, что развитие схемы тела у детей 8 лет тесно связано с мультисенсорной интеграцией и спецификой спортивных действий, определяя особенности внутренней схемы тела спортсменов разных специализаций.
Литература
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7. Jeannerod M. Neural Simulation of Action: a Unifying Mechanism for Motor Cognition. Neuroimage, 2001, vol. 14 (1 pt. 2), pp. 103–109. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832
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11. Mickle K.J., Munro B.J., Lord S.R. et al. Cross-sectional Analysis of Foot Function, Functional Ability, and Health-related Quality of Life in Older People with Disabling Foot Pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011, vol. 63 (11), pp. 1592–1598. DOI: 10.1002/acr.20578
12. Morasso P., Mohan V. The Body Schema: Neural Simulation for Covert and Overt Actions of Embodied Cognitive Agents. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.11.009
13. Punakallio A. Balance Abilities of Different-aged Workers in Physically Demanding Jobs. Journal Occup Rehabilitation, 2003, vol. 13 (1), pp. 33–43. DOI: 10.1023/a:1021845823521
14. Rand M.K., Heuer H. Visual and Proprioceptive Recalibrations After Exposure to a Visuomotor Rotation. European Journal Neuroscience, 2019, vol. 50 (8), pp. 3296–3310. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14433
15. Schwesig R., Kluttig A., Leuchte S. et al. Der Einfluss Unterschiedlicher Sportarten auf die Haltungsregulation. Sportverletz Sportschaden, 2009, vol. 23 (3), pp. 148–154. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109576
2. Castiello U., Paulignan Y., Jeannerod M. Temporal Dissociation of Motor Responses and Subjective Awareness. A Study in Normal Subjects. Brain, 1991, vol. 114 (pt 6), pp. 2639–2655. DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.6.2639
3. Ene M.I., Iconomescu T.M., Talaghir L.G. et al. Developing Spatial and Body Schema Orientation in Preschoolers and Primary School through Physical Activities. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 2016, vol. 15 (1–2), pp. 27–33. DOI: 10.2478/tperj-2021-0005
4. Friston K. The Free-energy Principle: a Unified Brain Theory? Nat Rev Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 11 (2), pp. 127–138. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2787
5. Friston K.J., Daunizeau J., Kilner J., Kiebel S.J. Action and Behavior: a Free-energy Formulation. Biol Cybern., 2010, vol. 102 (3), pp. 227–260. DOI: 10.1007/s00422-010-0364-z
6. Horak F.B. Postural Orientation and Equilibrium: what do we Need to know About Neural Control of Balance to Prevent Falls? Age Ageing, 2006, vol. 35, Ssuppl. 2, pp. 7–11. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afl077
7. Jeannerod M. Neural Simulation of Action: a Unifying Mechanism for Motor Cognition. Neuroimage, 2001, vol. 14 (1 pt. 2), pp. 103–109. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832
8. Kelso J.A., Cook E., Olson M.E., Epstein W. Allocation of Attention and the Locus of Adaptation to Displaced Vision. Journal Exp Psychology Human Percept Perform., 1975, vol. 1 (3), pp. 237–245. DOI: 10.1037//0096-1523.1.3.237
9. Körding K.P., Wolpert D.M. Bayesian Integration in Sensorimotor Learning. Nature, 2004, vol. 427 (6971), pp. 244–247. DOI: 10.1038/nature02169
10. Maurer C., Peterka R.J. A New Interpretation of Spontaneous Sway Measures Based on a Simple Model of Human Postural Control. Journal Neurophysiology, 2005, vol. 93 (1), pp. 189–200. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00221.2004
11. Mickle K.J., Munro B.J., Lord S.R. et al. Cross-sectional Analysis of Foot Function, Functional Ability, and Health-related Quality of Life in Older People with Disabling Foot Pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011, vol. 63 (11), pp. 1592–1598. DOI: 10.1002/acr.20578
12. Morasso P., Mohan V. The Body Schema: Neural Simulation for Covert and Overt Actions of Embodied Cognitive Agents. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.11.009
13. Punakallio A. Balance Abilities of Different-aged Workers in Physically Demanding Jobs. Journal Occup Rehabilitation, 2003, vol. 13 (1), pp. 33–43. DOI: 10.1023/a:1021845823521
14. Rand M.K., Heuer H. Visual and Proprioceptive Recalibrations After Exposure to a Visuomotor Rotation. European Journal Neuroscience, 2019, vol. 50 (8), pp. 3296–3310. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14433
15. Schwesig R., Kluttig A., Leuchte S. et al. Der Einfluss Unterschiedlicher Sportarten auf die Haltungsregulation. Sportverletz Sportschaden, 2009, vol. 23 (3), pp. 148–154. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109576
2. Castiello U., Paulignan Y., Jeannerod M. Temporal Dissociation of Motor Responses and Subjective Awareness. A Study in Normal Subjects. Brain, 1991, vol. 114 (pt 6), pp. 2639–2655. DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.6.2639
3. Ene M.I., Iconomescu T.M., Talaghir L.G. et al. Developing Spatial and Body Schema Orientation in Preschoolers and Primary School through Physical Activities. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 2016, vol. 15 (1–2), pp. 27–33. DOI: 10.2478/tperj-2021-0005
4. Friston K. The Free-energy Principle: a Unified Brain Theory? Nat Rev Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 11 (2), pp. 127–138. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2787
5. Friston K.J., Daunizeau J., Kilner J., Kiebel S.J. Action and Behavior: a Free-energy Formulation. Biol Cybern., 2010, vol. 102 (3), pp. 227–260. DOI: 10.1007/s00422-010-0364-z
6. Horak F.B. Postural Orientation and Equilibrium: what do we Need to know About Neural Control of Balance to Prevent Falls? Age Ageing, 2006, vol. 35, Ssuppl. 2, pp. 7–11. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afl077
7. Jeannerod M. Neural Simulation of Action: a Unifying Mechanism for Motor Cognition. Neuroimage, 2001, vol. 14 (1 pt. 2), pp. 103–109. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832
8. Kelso J.A., Cook E., Olson M.E., Epstein W. Allocation of Attention and the Locus of Adaptation to Displaced Vision. Journal Exp Psychology Human Percept Perform., 1975, vol. 1 (3), pp. 237–245. DOI: 10.1037//0096-1523.1.3.237
9. Körding K.P., Wolpert D.M. Bayesian Integration in Sensorimotor Learning. Nature, 2004, vol. 427 (6971), pp. 244–247. DOI: 10.1038/nature02169
10. Maurer C., Peterka R.J. A New Interpretation of Spontaneous Sway Measures Based on a Simple Model of Human Postural Control. Journal Neurophysiology, 2005, vol. 93 (1), pp. 189–200. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00221.2004
11. Mickle K.J., Munro B.J., Lord S.R. et al. Cross-sectional Analysis of Foot Function, Functional Ability, and Health-related Quality of Life in Older People with Disabling Foot Pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011, vol. 63 (11), pp. 1592–1598. DOI: 10.1002/acr.20578
12. Morasso P., Mohan V. The Body Schema: Neural Simulation for Covert and Overt Actions of Embodied Cognitive Agents. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.11.009
13. Punakallio A. Balance Abilities of Different-aged Workers in Physically Demanding Jobs. Journal Occup Rehabilitation, 2003, vol. 13 (1), pp. 33–43. DOI: 10.1023/a:1021845823521
14. Rand M.K., Heuer H. Visual and Proprioceptive Recalibrations After Exposure to a Visuomotor Rotation. European Journal Neuroscience, 2019, vol. 50 (8), pp. 3296–3310. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14433
15. Schwesig R., Kluttig A., Leuchte S. et al. Der Einfluss Unterschiedlicher Sportarten auf die Haltungsregulation. Sportverletz Sportschaden, 2009, vol. 23 (3), pp. 148–154. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109576
References
1. Błaszczyk J.W. The Use of Force-plate Posturography in the Asessment of Postural Instability. Gait Posture, 2016, vol. 44, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.10.0142. Castiello U., Paulignan Y., Jeannerod M. Temporal Dissociation of Motor Responses and Subjective Awareness. A Study in Normal Subjects. Brain, 1991, vol. 114 (pt 6), pp. 2639–2655. DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.6.2639
3. Ene M.I., Iconomescu T.M., Talaghir L.G. et al. Developing Spatial and Body Schema Orientation in Preschoolers and Primary School through Physical Activities. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 2016, vol. 15 (1–2), pp. 27–33. DOI: 10.2478/tperj-2021-0005
4. Friston K. The Free-energy Principle: a Unified Brain Theory? Nat Rev Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 11 (2), pp. 127–138. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2787
5. Friston K.J., Daunizeau J., Kilner J., Kiebel S.J. Action and Behavior: a Free-energy Formulation. Biol Cybern., 2010, vol. 102 (3), pp. 227–260. DOI: 10.1007/s00422-010-0364-z
6. Horak F.B. Postural Orientation and Equilibrium: what do we Need to know About Neural Control of Balance to Prevent Falls? Age Ageing, 2006, vol. 35, Ssuppl. 2, pp. 7–11. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afl077
7. Jeannerod M. Neural Simulation of Action: a Unifying Mechanism for Motor Cognition. Neuroimage, 2001, vol. 14 (1 pt. 2), pp. 103–109. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832
8. Kelso J.A., Cook E., Olson M.E., Epstein W. Allocation of Attention and the Locus of Adaptation to Displaced Vision. Journal Exp Psychology Human Percept Perform., 1975, vol. 1 (3), pp. 237–245. DOI: 10.1037//0096-1523.1.3.237
9. Körding K.P., Wolpert D.M. Bayesian Integration in Sensorimotor Learning. Nature, 2004, vol. 427 (6971), pp. 244–247. DOI: 10.1038/nature02169
10. Maurer C., Peterka R.J. A New Interpretation of Spontaneous Sway Measures Based on a Simple Model of Human Postural Control. Journal Neurophysiology, 2005, vol. 93 (1), pp. 189–200. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00221.2004
11. Mickle K.J., Munro B.J., Lord S.R. et al. Cross-sectional Analysis of Foot Function, Functional Ability, and Health-related Quality of Life in Older People with Disabling Foot Pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011, vol. 63 (11), pp. 1592–1598. DOI: 10.1002/acr.20578
12. Morasso P., Mohan V. The Body Schema: Neural Simulation for Covert and Overt Actions of Embodied Cognitive Agents. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.11.009
13. Punakallio A. Balance Abilities of Different-aged Workers in Physically Demanding Jobs. Journal Occup Rehabilitation, 2003, vol. 13 (1), pp. 33–43. DOI: 10.1023/a:1021845823521
14. Rand M.K., Heuer H. Visual and Proprioceptive Recalibrations After Exposure to a Visuomotor Rotation. European Journal Neuroscience, 2019, vol. 50 (8), pp. 3296–3310. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14433
15. Schwesig R., Kluttig A., Leuchte S. et al. Der Einfluss Unterschiedlicher Sportarten auf die Haltungsregulation. Sportverletz Sportschaden, 2009, vol. 23 (3), pp. 148–154. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109576
Опубликован
2026-10-10
Как цитировать
Шестаков, М., Абрамова, Т., Корчагин, А., & Никитина, Т. (2026). ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОРТИВНОЙ ТРЕНИРОВКИ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СХЕМЫ ТЕЛА У ДЕТЕЙ 8 ЛЕТ: АНАЛИЗ НА ОСНОВЕ АКТИВНОГО ВЫВОДА. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 26(3), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm260317
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