РАЗРАБОТКА И АПРОБАЦИЯ ПРОТОКОЛА КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ПОСТУРАЛЬНОГО БАЛАНСА У ЛИЦ С ИММОБИЛИЗАЦИЕЙ НИЖНЕЙ КОНЕЧНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ «ДВОЙНОЙ ЗАДАЧИ»
Ключевые слова:
протокол обследования, постуральный баланс, походка, двойная задача, иммобилизация нижней конечности, психомоторные функции
Аннотация
Цель: разработать и обосновать протокол комплексной оценки постурального баланса у лиц с иммобилизацией нижней конечности в условиях выполнения «двойной задачи». Материалы и методы. Основными методами достижения цели являлись анализ (обоснование взаимосвязи между процедурами оценивания); синтез (обобщение, построение последовательности и структуризация обследования); прогнозирование (формирование предпосылок для алгоритма оценивания и моделирования). Результаты. В результате исследования был разработан детализированный протокол, включающий четыре варианта условий оценки постурального баланса и функционального состояния нервной системы: 1) в положении стоя; 2) при выполнении батареи сенсомоторных тестов; 3) при ходьбе на беговой дорожке; 4) при ходьбе с одновременным выполнением сенсомоторных тестов. Протокол предполагает синхронную регистрацию стабилографических (с использованием инерционного сенсора), электрокардиографических и психофизиологических показателей. Особое внимание уделено мерам безопасности, критериям включения/исключения испытуемых и процедуре адаптации к условиям иммобилизации. Заключение. Предложенный протокол обеспечивает стандартизированный алгоритм мониторинга, повышает безопасность испытуемых и надежность получаемых данных. Комплексный анализ параметров походки, постурального баланса, психомоторных функций и вегетативного обеспечения деятельности в условиях «двойной задачи» позволит выявить особенности механизмов произвольной регуляции движений. Полученные результаты имеют высокую практическую значимость для оптимизации программ реабилитации лиц с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата, включая лиц с ампутациями нижней конечности.
Литература
1. Рациональное проектирование композитных трубчатых элементов протеза ноги / С.Б. Сапожников, М.В. Жихарев, В.В. Эрлих, П.А. Байгужин. Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Математика. Механика. Физика. 2025. Т. 17, № 1. С. 26–31. [Sapozhnikov S.B., Zhikharev M.V., Ehrlich V.V., Baiguzhin P.A. Rational design of composite materials tubular elements of the prosthetic leg. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudar-stvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Matematika. Mekhanika. Fizika [Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series “Mathematics. Mechanics. Physics”], 2025, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 26–31. (in Russ.)] DOI: 10.14529/mmph250103
2. Самойлов В.О. Функциональное состояние человека: методология и принципы оценки. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2008. № 3 (25). С. 30–32. [Samoilov V.O. Func-tional state of a person: methodology and principles of assessment. Vestnik vosstanovitel'noi meditsiny [Bulle-tin of Restorative Medicine], 2008, no. 3 (25), pp. 30–32.] (in Russ.)]
3. Толмачев А.В., Востокова Н.В. Разработка протокола регистрационного клинического исследования. Ремедиум. 2015. № 4. С. 53–57. [Tolmachev A.V., Vostokova N.V. Develop-ing a registration study protocol. Remedium [Remedium], 2015, no. 4, pp. 53–57. (in Russ.)]
4. Эрлих В.В., Епишев В.В., Сапожников С.Б. Биомеханика ходьбы в норме и при нали-чии протеза ноги с использованием комплекса Xsens. Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2023. Т. 23, № 4. С. 145–154. [Erlikh V.V., Epishev V.V., Sapozhnikov S.B. Gait biomechanics in normal condi-tions and with a lower-extremity prosthesis captured by the Xsens system. Chelovek. Sport. Med-itsina [Human. Sport. Medicine], 2023, vol. 23(4), pp. 145–154. (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.14529/hsm230418
5. Berettoni A., De Giuseppe S., Mariani G. et al. Exploration of biomechanics, mental work-load and metabolism factors during prosthetic gait. Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol), 2025,
vol. 7(4). DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ae0f11
6. Demirdel S., Erbahçeci F. Investigation of the Effects of Dual-Task Balance Training on Gait and Balance in Transfemoral Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physi-cal Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2020, vol. 101(10), ID art. 1675–1682. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.009
7. Frengopoulos C., Payne M.W.C., Holmes J.D. et al. Comparing the Effects of Dual-Task Gait Testing in New and Established Ambulators With Lower Extremity Amputations. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal, 2018, vol. 10 (10), pp. 1012–1019. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.018
8. Gailey R.S. Predictive Outcome Measures Versus Functional Outcome Measures in the Lower Limb Amputee. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 2006, vol. 18(1S), pp. P51–P60.
9. Geurts A.C., Mulder T.H. Attention demands in balance recovery following lower limb am-putation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1994, vol. 26(2), pp. 162–70. DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941670
10. Hollman J.H., Kovash F.M., Kubik J.J., Linbo R.A. Age-related differences in spatiotem-poral markers of gait stability during dual task walking. Gait Posture, 2007, vol. 26, pp. 113–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.08.005
11. Hunter S.W., Frengopoulos C., Holmes J. et al. Dual-task related gait changes in individu-als with trans-tibial lower extremity amputation. Gait and Posture, 2018, vol. 61, pp. 403–407. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.012
12. Lowry K.A., Brach J.S., Nebes R.D. et al. Contributions of cognitive function to straight- and curved-path walking in older adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012, vol. 93, pp. 802–807. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.007
13. Meyer B., Krauskopf T., Fuchs K. et al. Corticomuscular coherence during upright stand-ing in unilateral transfemoral amputees. Brain Communications, 2025, vol. 7(3), ID art. fcaf238. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238
14. Miller W.C., Speechley M., Deathe B. The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2001, vol. 82, pp. 1031–1037. – DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.24295
15. Morgan S.J., Hafner B.J., Kelly V.E. The effects of a concurrent task on walking in per-sons with transfemoral amputation compared to persons without limb loss. Prosthetics and Orthot-ics International, 2016, vol. 40, pp. 490–496. DOI: 10.1177/0309364615596066
16. Nikam S., Inde A., Jambhulkar A., Ghule A. Development and Writing of Clinical Trial Pro¬tocol. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2022, vol. 72, no. 1. DOI: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v72i01.011.
17. Rackerby R., Lukosch S., Munro D. Understanding and Measuring the Cognitive Load of Amputees for Rehabilitation and Prosthesis Development. Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation, 2022, vol. 4(3), ID art. 100216. DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100216
18. Shaw E.P., Rietschel J.C., Hendershot B.D. et al. A Comparison of Mental Workload in Individuals with Transtibial and Transfemoral Lower Limb Loss during Dual-Task Walking under Varying Demand. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2019, vol. 25(9), pp. 985–997. DOI: 10.1017/S1355617719000602
19. Zwierko M., Lesiakowski P., Zwierko T. Postural Control during Progressively Increased Ba¬lance-Task Difficulty in Athletes with Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation: Effect of Ocular Mobility and Visuomotor Processing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Pub-lic Healt, 2020, vol. 17(17), ID art. 6242. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176242
2. Самойлов В.О. Функциональное состояние человека: методология и принципы оценки. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2008. № 3 (25). С. 30–32. [Samoilov V.O. Func-tional state of a person: methodology and principles of assessment. Vestnik vosstanovitel'noi meditsiny [Bulle-tin of Restorative Medicine], 2008, no. 3 (25), pp. 30–32.] (in Russ.)]
3. Толмачев А.В., Востокова Н.В. Разработка протокола регистрационного клинического исследования. Ремедиум. 2015. № 4. С. 53–57. [Tolmachev A.V., Vostokova N.V. Develop-ing a registration study protocol. Remedium [Remedium], 2015, no. 4, pp. 53–57. (in Russ.)]
4. Эрлих В.В., Епишев В.В., Сапожников С.Б. Биомеханика ходьбы в норме и при нали-чии протеза ноги с использованием комплекса Xsens. Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2023. Т. 23, № 4. С. 145–154. [Erlikh V.V., Epishev V.V., Sapozhnikov S.B. Gait biomechanics in normal condi-tions and with a lower-extremity prosthesis captured by the Xsens system. Chelovek. Sport. Med-itsina [Human. Sport. Medicine], 2023, vol. 23(4), pp. 145–154. (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.14529/hsm230418
5. Berettoni A., De Giuseppe S., Mariani G. et al. Exploration of biomechanics, mental work-load and metabolism factors during prosthetic gait. Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol), 2025,
vol. 7(4). DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ae0f11
6. Demirdel S., Erbahçeci F. Investigation of the Effects of Dual-Task Balance Training on Gait and Balance in Transfemoral Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physi-cal Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2020, vol. 101(10), ID art. 1675–1682. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.009
7. Frengopoulos C., Payne M.W.C., Holmes J.D. et al. Comparing the Effects of Dual-Task Gait Testing in New and Established Ambulators With Lower Extremity Amputations. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal, 2018, vol. 10 (10), pp. 1012–1019. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.018
8. Gailey R.S. Predictive Outcome Measures Versus Functional Outcome Measures in the Lower Limb Amputee. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 2006, vol. 18(1S), pp. P51–P60.
9. Geurts A.C., Mulder T.H. Attention demands in balance recovery following lower limb am-putation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1994, vol. 26(2), pp. 162–70. DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941670
10. Hollman J.H., Kovash F.M., Kubik J.J., Linbo R.A. Age-related differences in spatiotem-poral markers of gait stability during dual task walking. Gait Posture, 2007, vol. 26, pp. 113–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.08.005
11. Hunter S.W., Frengopoulos C., Holmes J. et al. Dual-task related gait changes in individu-als with trans-tibial lower extremity amputation. Gait and Posture, 2018, vol. 61, pp. 403–407. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.012
12. Lowry K.A., Brach J.S., Nebes R.D. et al. Contributions of cognitive function to straight- and curved-path walking in older adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012, vol. 93, pp. 802–807. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.007
13. Meyer B., Krauskopf T., Fuchs K. et al. Corticomuscular coherence during upright stand-ing in unilateral transfemoral amputees. Brain Communications, 2025, vol. 7(3), ID art. fcaf238. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238
14. Miller W.C., Speechley M., Deathe B. The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2001, vol. 82, pp. 1031–1037. – DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.24295
15. Morgan S.J., Hafner B.J., Kelly V.E. The effects of a concurrent task on walking in per-sons with transfemoral amputation compared to persons without limb loss. Prosthetics and Orthot-ics International, 2016, vol. 40, pp. 490–496. DOI: 10.1177/0309364615596066
16. Nikam S., Inde A., Jambhulkar A., Ghule A. Development and Writing of Clinical Trial Pro¬tocol. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2022, vol. 72, no. 1. DOI: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v72i01.011.
17. Rackerby R., Lukosch S., Munro D. Understanding and Measuring the Cognitive Load of Amputees for Rehabilitation and Prosthesis Development. Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation, 2022, vol. 4(3), ID art. 100216. DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100216
18. Shaw E.P., Rietschel J.C., Hendershot B.D. et al. A Comparison of Mental Workload in Individuals with Transtibial and Transfemoral Lower Limb Loss during Dual-Task Walking under Varying Demand. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2019, vol. 25(9), pp. 985–997. DOI: 10.1017/S1355617719000602
19. Zwierko M., Lesiakowski P., Zwierko T. Postural Control during Progressively Increased Ba¬lance-Task Difficulty in Athletes with Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation: Effect of Ocular Mobility and Visuomotor Processing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Pub-lic Healt, 2020, vol. 17(17), ID art. 6242. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176242
2. Самойлов В.О. Функциональное состояние человека: методология и принципы оценки. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2008. № 3 (25). С. 30–32. [Samoilov V.O. Func-tional state of a person: methodology and principles of assessment. Vestnik vosstanovitel'noi meditsiny [Bulle-tin of Restorative Medicine], 2008, no. 3 (25), pp. 30–32.] (in Russ.)]
3. Толмачев А.В., Востокова Н.В. Разработка протокола регистрационного клинического исследования. Ремедиум. 2015. № 4. С. 53–57. [Tolmachev A.V., Vostokova N.V. Develop-ing a registration study protocol. Remedium [Remedium], 2015, no. 4, pp. 53–57. (in Russ.)]
4. Эрлих В.В., Епишев В.В., Сапожников С.Б. Биомеханика ходьбы в норме и при нали-чии протеза ноги с использованием комплекса Xsens. Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2023. Т. 23, № 4. С. 145–154. [Erlikh V.V., Epishev V.V., Sapozhnikov S.B. Gait biomechanics in normal condi-tions and with a lower-extremity prosthesis captured by the Xsens system. Chelovek. Sport. Med-itsina [Human. Sport. Medicine], 2023, vol. 23(4), pp. 145–154. (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.14529/hsm230418
5. Berettoni A., De Giuseppe S., Mariani G. et al. Exploration of biomechanics, mental work-load and metabolism factors during prosthetic gait. Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol), 2025,
vol. 7(4). DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ae0f11
6. Demirdel S., Erbahçeci F. Investigation of the Effects of Dual-Task Balance Training on Gait and Balance in Transfemoral Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physi-cal Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2020, vol. 101(10), ID art. 1675–1682. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.009
7. Frengopoulos C., Payne M.W.C., Holmes J.D. et al. Comparing the Effects of Dual-Task Gait Testing in New and Established Ambulators With Lower Extremity Amputations. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal, 2018, vol. 10 (10), pp. 1012–1019. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.018
8. Gailey R.S. Predictive Outcome Measures Versus Functional Outcome Measures in the Lower Limb Amputee. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 2006, vol. 18(1S), pp. P51–P60.
9. Geurts A.C., Mulder T.H. Attention demands in balance recovery following lower limb am-putation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1994, vol. 26(2), pp. 162–70. DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941670
10. Hollman J.H., Kovash F.M., Kubik J.J., Linbo R.A. Age-related differences in spatiotem-poral markers of gait stability during dual task walking. Gait Posture, 2007, vol. 26, pp. 113–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.08.005
11. Hunter S.W., Frengopoulos C., Holmes J. et al. Dual-task related gait changes in individu-als with trans-tibial lower extremity amputation. Gait and Posture, 2018, vol. 61, pp. 403–407. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.012
12. Lowry K.A., Brach J.S., Nebes R.D. et al. Contributions of cognitive function to straight- and curved-path walking in older adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012, vol. 93, pp. 802–807. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.007
13. Meyer B., Krauskopf T., Fuchs K. et al. Corticomuscular coherence during upright stand-ing in unilateral transfemoral amputees. Brain Communications, 2025, vol. 7(3), ID art. fcaf238. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238
14. Miller W.C., Speechley M., Deathe B. The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2001, vol. 82, pp. 1031–1037. – DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.24295
15. Morgan S.J., Hafner B.J., Kelly V.E. The effects of a concurrent task on walking in per-sons with transfemoral amputation compared to persons without limb loss. Prosthetics and Orthot-ics International, 2016, vol. 40, pp. 490–496. DOI: 10.1177/0309364615596066
16. Nikam S., Inde A., Jambhulkar A., Ghule A. Development and Writing of Clinical Trial Pro¬tocol. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2022, vol. 72, no. 1. DOI: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v72i01.011.
17. Rackerby R., Lukosch S., Munro D. Understanding and Measuring the Cognitive Load of Amputees for Rehabilitation and Prosthesis Development. Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation, 2022, vol. 4(3), ID art. 100216. DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100216
18. Shaw E.P., Rietschel J.C., Hendershot B.D. et al. A Comparison of Mental Workload in Individuals with Transtibial and Transfemoral Lower Limb Loss during Dual-Task Walking under Varying Demand. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2019, vol. 25(9), pp. 985–997. DOI: 10.1017/S1355617719000602
19. Zwierko M., Lesiakowski P., Zwierko T. Postural Control during Progressively Increased Ba¬lance-Task Difficulty in Athletes with Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation: Effect of Ocular Mobility and Visuomotor Processing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Pub-lic Healt, 2020, vol. 17(17), ID art. 6242. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176242
References
1. Рациональное проектирование композитных трубчатых элементов протеза ноги / С.Б. Сапожников, М.В. Жихарев, В.В. Эрлих, П.А. Байгужин. Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Математика. Механика. Физика. 2025. Т. 17, № 1. С. 26–31. [Sapozhnikov S.B., Zhikharev M.V., Ehrlich V.V., Baiguzhin P.A. Rational design of composite materials tubular elements of the prosthetic leg. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudar-stvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Matematika. Mekhanika. Fizika [Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series “Mathematics. Mechanics. Physics”], 2025, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 26–31. (in Russ.)] DOI: 10.14529/mmph2501032. Самойлов В.О. Функциональное состояние человека: методология и принципы оценки. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2008. № 3 (25). С. 30–32. [Samoilov V.O. Func-tional state of a person: methodology and principles of assessment. Vestnik vosstanovitel'noi meditsiny [Bulle-tin of Restorative Medicine], 2008, no. 3 (25), pp. 30–32.] (in Russ.)]
3. Толмачев А.В., Востокова Н.В. Разработка протокола регистрационного клинического исследования. Ремедиум. 2015. № 4. С. 53–57. [Tolmachev A.V., Vostokova N.V. Develop-ing a registration study protocol. Remedium [Remedium], 2015, no. 4, pp. 53–57. (in Russ.)]
4. Эрлих В.В., Епишев В.В., Сапожников С.Б. Биомеханика ходьбы в норме и при нали-чии протеза ноги с использованием комплекса Xsens. Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2023. Т. 23, № 4. С. 145–154. [Erlikh V.V., Epishev V.V., Sapozhnikov S.B. Gait biomechanics in normal condi-tions and with a lower-extremity prosthesis captured by the Xsens system. Chelovek. Sport. Med-itsina [Human. Sport. Medicine], 2023, vol. 23(4), pp. 145–154. (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.14529/hsm230418
5. Berettoni A., De Giuseppe S., Mariani G. et al. Exploration of biomechanics, mental work-load and metabolism factors during prosthetic gait. Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol), 2025,
vol. 7(4). DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ae0f11
6. Demirdel S., Erbahçeci F. Investigation of the Effects of Dual-Task Balance Training on Gait and Balance in Transfemoral Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physi-cal Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2020, vol. 101(10), ID art. 1675–1682. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.009
7. Frengopoulos C., Payne M.W.C., Holmes J.D. et al. Comparing the Effects of Dual-Task Gait Testing in New and Established Ambulators With Lower Extremity Amputations. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal, 2018, vol. 10 (10), pp. 1012–1019. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.018
8. Gailey R.S. Predictive Outcome Measures Versus Functional Outcome Measures in the Lower Limb Amputee. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 2006, vol. 18(1S), pp. P51–P60.
9. Geurts A.C., Mulder T.H. Attention demands in balance recovery following lower limb am-putation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1994, vol. 26(2), pp. 162–70. DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941670
10. Hollman J.H., Kovash F.M., Kubik J.J., Linbo R.A. Age-related differences in spatiotem-poral markers of gait stability during dual task walking. Gait Posture, 2007, vol. 26, pp. 113–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.08.005
11. Hunter S.W., Frengopoulos C., Holmes J. et al. Dual-task related gait changes in individu-als with trans-tibial lower extremity amputation. Gait and Posture, 2018, vol. 61, pp. 403–407. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.012
12. Lowry K.A., Brach J.S., Nebes R.D. et al. Contributions of cognitive function to straight- and curved-path walking in older adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012, vol. 93, pp. 802–807. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.007
13. Meyer B., Krauskopf T., Fuchs K. et al. Corticomuscular coherence during upright stand-ing in unilateral transfemoral amputees. Brain Communications, 2025, vol. 7(3), ID art. fcaf238. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238
14. Miller W.C., Speechley M., Deathe B. The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2001, vol. 82, pp. 1031–1037. – DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.24295
15. Morgan S.J., Hafner B.J., Kelly V.E. The effects of a concurrent task on walking in per-sons with transfemoral amputation compared to persons without limb loss. Prosthetics and Orthot-ics International, 2016, vol. 40, pp. 490–496. DOI: 10.1177/0309364615596066
16. Nikam S., Inde A., Jambhulkar A., Ghule A. Development and Writing of Clinical Trial Pro¬tocol. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2022, vol. 72, no. 1. DOI: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v72i01.011.
17. Rackerby R., Lukosch S., Munro D. Understanding and Measuring the Cognitive Load of Amputees for Rehabilitation and Prosthesis Development. Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation, 2022, vol. 4(3), ID art. 100216. DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100216
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Опубликован
2026-03-16
Как цитировать
Байгужин, П., Эрлих, В., & Сапожников, С. (2026). РАЗРАБОТКА И АПРОБАЦИЯ ПРОТОКОЛА КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ПОСТУРАЛЬНОГО БАЛАНСА У ЛИЦ С ИММОБИЛИЗАЦИЕЙ НИЖНЕЙ КОНЕЧНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ «ДВОЙНОЙ ЗАДАЧИ». Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 25(4), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm250409
Выпуск
Раздел
Физиология
Copyright (c) 2026 Человек. Спорт. Медицина
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