КОРРЕЛЯЦИИ ГОРМОНАЛЬНО-МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИХ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У ВЫСОКОКВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ: ПОДХОДЫ К МОНИТОРИНГУ СПОРТИВНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ
Ключевые слова:
высококвалифицированные спортсмены, гормональный статус, функциональные показатели, электрокардиография, эхокардиография
Аннотация
Цель: выявить корреляционные связи между уровнями гормонов щитовидной железы, кортизола, тестостерона и функциональными параметрами сердечно-сосудистой системы у спортсменов. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 114 мужчин (возраст 20,04 ± 4,05 года), тренирующихся по направлениям биатлон, гребля, плавание и футбол. В рамках оценки функционального состояния использовались эхокардиография, электрокардиография (12-канальная), а также нагрузочные тесты (тредмил-тест и велоэргометрия) с мониторингом кардиореспираторных показателей. Лабораторный анализ включал определение уровней тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ), свободного тироксина (Т4св), кортизола, пролактина и тестостерона. Результаты. Гормональный анализ показал вариабельность уровней ТТГ и Т4св в зависимости от спортивной специализации, при этом у футболистов зафиксированы наиболее выраженные ассоциации между концентрацией Т4св и длительностью комплекса QRS (r = 0,46; p ≤ 0,01). В общей выборке выявлены следующие достоверные корреляции: положительная связь между уровнем Т4св и длительностью комплекса QRS (r = 0,2; p ≤ 0,05); отрицательная корреляция между Т4св и систолическим давлением в легочной артерии (r = –0,24; p ≤ 0,05); положительная корреляция ТТГ с максимальным систолическим (r = 0,3; p ≤ 0,01) и диастолическим давлением (r = 0,21; p ≤ 0,05) во время нагрузочного теста; прямая связь между уровнем кортизола и частотой сердечных сокращений на 2-й (r = 0,2; p ≤ 0,05) и 3-й (r = 0,25; p ≤ 0,01) минутах теста. Выраженность выявленных взаимосвязей зависела от вида спорта, длительности тренировочного стажа и этапа тренировочного макроцикла. Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают роль гормонального статуса как информативного биомаркера функциональной адаптации спортсменов. Включение эндокринных показателей в систему спортивного мониторинга может повысить точность оценки тренированности, выявить признаки перетренированности на ранних стадиях и персонализировать тренировочные нагрузки.
Литература
1. Bessem B., de Bruijn M.C., Nieuwland W. Gender Differences in the Electrocardiogram Screening of Athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2017, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 213–217. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.06.010
2. Bogdanis G.C., Philippou A., Stavrinou P.S. et al. Acute and Delayed Hormonal and Blood Cell Count Responses to High-intensity Exercise Before and After Short-term High-intensity Interval Trai-ning. Research in Sports Medicine (Print), 2022, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 400–414. DOI: 10.1080/15438627. 2021.1895783
3. Cadegiani F.A., Kater C.E. Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 858. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00858
4. D'Andrea A., Naeije R., D’Alto M. et al. Range in Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Among Highly Trained Athletes. Chest, 2011, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 788–794. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-1260
5. Danzi S., Klein I. Thyroid Hormone and Blood Pressure Regulation. Current Hypertension Reports, 2003, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 513–520. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-003-0060-7
6. Di Gioia G., Squeo M.R., Lemme E. et al. Association between FT3 Levels and Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Athletes. Biomedicines, 2024, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1530. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071530
7. D’Souza A., Sharma S., Boyett M.R. CrossTalk Opposing View: Bradycardia in the Trained Athlete is Attributable to a Downregulation of a Pacemaker Channel in the Sinus Node. The Journal of Physiology, 2015, vol. 593, no. 8, pp. 1749–1751. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284356
8. Gu Y., Zheng L., Zhang Q. et al. Relationship between Thyroid Function and Elevated Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2018, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1541–1549. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13369
9. Hammami M.A., Ben Abderrahman A., Hackney A.C. et al. Hormonal (Cortical-Gonadotropic Axis) and Physical Changes With Two Years Intense Exercise Training in Elite Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1519/ JSC.0000000000001664
10. Kayacan Y., Makaracı Y., Ucar C. et al. Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2023, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1479–1485. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004411
11. Lasocka-Koriat Z., Lewicka-Potocka Z., Kaleta-Duss A. et al. Differences in Cardiac Adapta-tion to Exercise in Male and Female Athletes Assessed by Noninvasive Techniques: a State-of-the-art Review. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2024, vol. 326, no. 5, pp. 1065–1079. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00756.2023
12. Maxwell J.D., Oxborough D. The Athletes Heart – from Acute Stimulus to Chronic Adapta-tion. British Medical Bulletin, 2025, vol. 153, no. 1, ldae021. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae021
13. Mishica C., Kyröläinen H., Hynynen E. et al. Relationships between Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Duration, Cortisol and Physical Training in Young Athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medi-cine, 2021, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 778–788. DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.778
14. Saidi K., Abderrahman A.B., Hackney A.C. et al. Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2607–2627. DOI: 10.1007/ s40279-021-01522-w
15. Selmi O., Ouergui I., Levitt D.E. et al. Training, Psychometric Status, Biological Markers and Neuromuscular Fatigue in Soccer. Biology of Sport, 2021, vol. 39, no. 2, p. 319. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport. 2022.104065
16. Sharma S., Drezner J.A., Baggish A. et al. International Recommendations for Electrocardio-graphic Interpretation in Athletes. European Heart Journal, 2018, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 1466–1480. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw631
17. Stalder T., Evans P., Hucklebridge F., Clow A. Associations between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Heart Rate Variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 454–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.020
18. Wu B., Jiang J., Gui M. et al. Serum-Free Thyroxine Levels Were Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Euthyroid Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2017, vol. 2017, 4832608. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4832608
19. Yamakawa H., Kato T.S., Noh J.Y. et al. Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardi-ac Function: From Bench to Bedside. Frontiers in Physiology, 2021, vol. 12, 606931. DOI: 10.3389/fphys. 2021.606931
20. Zhang Y., Post W.S., Cheng A. et al. Thyroid Hormones and Electrocardiographic Parameters: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 2013, vol. 8, no. 4, e59489. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059489
2. Bogdanis G.C., Philippou A., Stavrinou P.S. et al. Acute and Delayed Hormonal and Blood Cell Count Responses to High-intensity Exercise Before and After Short-term High-intensity Interval Trai-ning. Research in Sports Medicine (Print), 2022, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 400–414. DOI: 10.1080/15438627. 2021.1895783
3. Cadegiani F.A., Kater C.E. Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 858. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00858
4. D'Andrea A., Naeije R., D’Alto M. et al. Range in Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Among Highly Trained Athletes. Chest, 2011, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 788–794. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-1260
5. Danzi S., Klein I. Thyroid Hormone and Blood Pressure Regulation. Current Hypertension Reports, 2003, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 513–520. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-003-0060-7
6. Di Gioia G., Squeo M.R., Lemme E. et al. Association between FT3 Levels and Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Athletes. Biomedicines, 2024, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1530. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071530
7. D’Souza A., Sharma S., Boyett M.R. CrossTalk Opposing View: Bradycardia in the Trained Athlete is Attributable to a Downregulation of a Pacemaker Channel in the Sinus Node. The Journal of Physiology, 2015, vol. 593, no. 8, pp. 1749–1751. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284356
8. Gu Y., Zheng L., Zhang Q. et al. Relationship between Thyroid Function and Elevated Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2018, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1541–1549. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13369
9. Hammami M.A., Ben Abderrahman A., Hackney A.C. et al. Hormonal (Cortical-Gonadotropic Axis) and Physical Changes With Two Years Intense Exercise Training in Elite Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1519/ JSC.0000000000001664
10. Kayacan Y., Makaracı Y., Ucar C. et al. Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2023, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1479–1485. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004411
11. Lasocka-Koriat Z., Lewicka-Potocka Z., Kaleta-Duss A. et al. Differences in Cardiac Adapta-tion to Exercise in Male and Female Athletes Assessed by Noninvasive Techniques: a State-of-the-art Review. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2024, vol. 326, no. 5, pp. 1065–1079. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00756.2023
12. Maxwell J.D., Oxborough D. The Athletes Heart – from Acute Stimulus to Chronic Adapta-tion. British Medical Bulletin, 2025, vol. 153, no. 1, ldae021. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae021
13. Mishica C., Kyröläinen H., Hynynen E. et al. Relationships between Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Duration, Cortisol and Physical Training in Young Athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medi-cine, 2021, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 778–788. DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.778
14. Saidi K., Abderrahman A.B., Hackney A.C. et al. Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2607–2627. DOI: 10.1007/ s40279-021-01522-w
15. Selmi O., Ouergui I., Levitt D.E. et al. Training, Psychometric Status, Biological Markers and Neuromuscular Fatigue in Soccer. Biology of Sport, 2021, vol. 39, no. 2, p. 319. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport. 2022.104065
16. Sharma S., Drezner J.A., Baggish A. et al. International Recommendations for Electrocardio-graphic Interpretation in Athletes. European Heart Journal, 2018, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 1466–1480. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw631
17. Stalder T., Evans P., Hucklebridge F., Clow A. Associations between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Heart Rate Variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 454–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.020
18. Wu B., Jiang J., Gui M. et al. Serum-Free Thyroxine Levels Were Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Euthyroid Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2017, vol. 2017, 4832608. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4832608
19. Yamakawa H., Kato T.S., Noh J.Y. et al. Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardi-ac Function: From Bench to Bedside. Frontiers in Physiology, 2021, vol. 12, 606931. DOI: 10.3389/fphys. 2021.606931
20. Zhang Y., Post W.S., Cheng A. et al. Thyroid Hormones and Electrocardiographic Parameters: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 2013, vol. 8, no. 4, e59489. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059489
2. Bogdanis G.C., Philippou A., Stavrinou P.S. et al. Acute and Delayed Hormonal and Blood Cell Count Responses to High-intensity Exercise Before and After Short-term High-intensity Interval Trai-ning. Research in Sports Medicine (Print), 2022, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 400–414. DOI: 10.1080/15438627. 2021.1895783
3. Cadegiani F.A., Kater C.E. Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 858. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00858
4. D'Andrea A., Naeije R., D’Alto M. et al. Range in Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Among Highly Trained Athletes. Chest, 2011, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 788–794. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-1260
5. Danzi S., Klein I. Thyroid Hormone and Blood Pressure Regulation. Current Hypertension Reports, 2003, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 513–520. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-003-0060-7
6. Di Gioia G., Squeo M.R., Lemme E. et al. Association between FT3 Levels and Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Athletes. Biomedicines, 2024, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1530. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071530
7. D’Souza A., Sharma S., Boyett M.R. CrossTalk Opposing View: Bradycardia in the Trained Athlete is Attributable to a Downregulation of a Pacemaker Channel in the Sinus Node. The Journal of Physiology, 2015, vol. 593, no. 8, pp. 1749–1751. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284356
8. Gu Y., Zheng L., Zhang Q. et al. Relationship between Thyroid Function and Elevated Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2018, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1541–1549. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13369
9. Hammami M.A., Ben Abderrahman A., Hackney A.C. et al. Hormonal (Cortical-Gonadotropic Axis) and Physical Changes With Two Years Intense Exercise Training in Elite Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1519/ JSC.0000000000001664
10. Kayacan Y., Makaracı Y., Ucar C. et al. Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2023, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1479–1485. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004411
11. Lasocka-Koriat Z., Lewicka-Potocka Z., Kaleta-Duss A. et al. Differences in Cardiac Adapta-tion to Exercise in Male and Female Athletes Assessed by Noninvasive Techniques: a State-of-the-art Review. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2024, vol. 326, no. 5, pp. 1065–1079. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00756.2023
12. Maxwell J.D., Oxborough D. The Athletes Heart – from Acute Stimulus to Chronic Adapta-tion. British Medical Bulletin, 2025, vol. 153, no. 1, ldae021. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae021
13. Mishica C., Kyröläinen H., Hynynen E. et al. Relationships between Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Duration, Cortisol and Physical Training in Young Athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medi-cine, 2021, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 778–788. DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.778
14. Saidi K., Abderrahman A.B., Hackney A.C. et al. Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2607–2627. DOI: 10.1007/ s40279-021-01522-w
15. Selmi O., Ouergui I., Levitt D.E. et al. Training, Psychometric Status, Biological Markers and Neuromuscular Fatigue in Soccer. Biology of Sport, 2021, vol. 39, no. 2, p. 319. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport. 2022.104065
16. Sharma S., Drezner J.A., Baggish A. et al. International Recommendations for Electrocardio-graphic Interpretation in Athletes. European Heart Journal, 2018, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 1466–1480. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw631
17. Stalder T., Evans P., Hucklebridge F., Clow A. Associations between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Heart Rate Variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 454–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.020
18. Wu B., Jiang J., Gui M. et al. Serum-Free Thyroxine Levels Were Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Euthyroid Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2017, vol. 2017, 4832608. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4832608
19. Yamakawa H., Kato T.S., Noh J.Y. et al. Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardi-ac Function: From Bench to Bedside. Frontiers in Physiology, 2021, vol. 12, 606931. DOI: 10.3389/fphys. 2021.606931
20. Zhang Y., Post W.S., Cheng A. et al. Thyroid Hormones and Electrocardiographic Parameters: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 2013, vol. 8, no. 4, e59489. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059489
References
1. Bessem B., de Bruijn M.C., Nieuwland W. Gender Differences in the Electrocardiogram Screening of Athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2017, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 213–217. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.06.0102. Bogdanis G.C., Philippou A., Stavrinou P.S. et al. Acute and Delayed Hormonal and Blood Cell Count Responses to High-intensity Exercise Before and After Short-term High-intensity Interval Trai-ning. Research in Sports Medicine (Print), 2022, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 400–414. DOI: 10.1080/15438627. 2021.1895783
3. Cadegiani F.A., Kater C.E. Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 858. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00858
4. D'Andrea A., Naeije R., D’Alto M. et al. Range in Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Among Highly Trained Athletes. Chest, 2011, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 788–794. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-1260
5. Danzi S., Klein I. Thyroid Hormone and Blood Pressure Regulation. Current Hypertension Reports, 2003, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 513–520. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-003-0060-7
6. Di Gioia G., Squeo M.R., Lemme E. et al. Association between FT3 Levels and Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Athletes. Biomedicines, 2024, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1530. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071530
7. D’Souza A., Sharma S., Boyett M.R. CrossTalk Opposing View: Bradycardia in the Trained Athlete is Attributable to a Downregulation of a Pacemaker Channel in the Sinus Node. The Journal of Physiology, 2015, vol. 593, no. 8, pp. 1749–1751. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284356
8. Gu Y., Zheng L., Zhang Q. et al. Relationship between Thyroid Function and Elevated Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2018, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1541–1549. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13369
9. Hammami M.A., Ben Abderrahman A., Hackney A.C. et al. Hormonal (Cortical-Gonadotropic Axis) and Physical Changes With Two Years Intense Exercise Training in Elite Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1519/ JSC.0000000000001664
10. Kayacan Y., Makaracı Y., Ucar C. et al. Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2023, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1479–1485. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004411
11. Lasocka-Koriat Z., Lewicka-Potocka Z., Kaleta-Duss A. et al. Differences in Cardiac Adapta-tion to Exercise in Male and Female Athletes Assessed by Noninvasive Techniques: a State-of-the-art Review. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2024, vol. 326, no. 5, pp. 1065–1079. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00756.2023
12. Maxwell J.D., Oxborough D. The Athletes Heart – from Acute Stimulus to Chronic Adapta-tion. British Medical Bulletin, 2025, vol. 153, no. 1, ldae021. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae021
13. Mishica C., Kyröläinen H., Hynynen E. et al. Relationships between Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Duration, Cortisol and Physical Training in Young Athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medi-cine, 2021, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 778–788. DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.778
14. Saidi K., Abderrahman A.B., Hackney A.C. et al. Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2607–2627. DOI: 10.1007/ s40279-021-01522-w
15. Selmi O., Ouergui I., Levitt D.E. et al. Training, Psychometric Status, Biological Markers and Neuromuscular Fatigue in Soccer. Biology of Sport, 2021, vol. 39, no. 2, p. 319. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport. 2022.104065
16. Sharma S., Drezner J.A., Baggish A. et al. International Recommendations for Electrocardio-graphic Interpretation in Athletes. European Heart Journal, 2018, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 1466–1480. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw631
17. Stalder T., Evans P., Hucklebridge F., Clow A. Associations between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Heart Rate Variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 454–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.020
18. Wu B., Jiang J., Gui M. et al. Serum-Free Thyroxine Levels Were Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Euthyroid Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2017, vol. 2017, 4832608. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4832608
19. Yamakawa H., Kato T.S., Noh J.Y. et al. Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardi-ac Function: From Bench to Bedside. Frontiers in Physiology, 2021, vol. 12, 606931. DOI: 10.3389/fphys. 2021.606931
20. Zhang Y., Post W.S., Cheng A. et al. Thyroid Hormones and Electrocardiographic Parameters: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 2013, vol. 8, no. 4, e59489. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059489
Опубликован
2026-10-01
Как цитировать
Васильева, М., Кащенко, В., & Бойко, Е. (2026). КОРРЕЛЯЦИИ ГОРМОНАЛЬНО-МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИХ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У ВЫСОКОКВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ: ПОДХОДЫ К МОНИТОРИНГУ СПОРТИВНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ. Человек. Спорт. Медицина, 26(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm260109
Выпуск
Раздел
Физиология
Copyright (c) 2026 Человек. Спорт. Медицина
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