PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF THE ADAPTATION OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DYSFUNCTION OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECT)

Keywords: Pupils’ health, neurodynamic indicators, sensorimotor reactions, heart rhythm variability, postural disorders, adolescent pupils, teachers-to-be informing

Abstract

Aim. The fragmentary character of research on the psychophysiological aspects of the adaptation of adolescents with dysfunction of the locomotor system determines the necessity to investigate the patterns of the functioning of psycho-physiological and neurovegetative processes in adolescents with impaired posture depending on gender. Materials and Methods. We conducted the study of psychophysiological indicators and heart rhythm vegetative regulation among pupils (n = 368, aged 12–14) of different gender from educational institutions in Chelyabinsk. The main group consisted of children with the signs of impaired posture. The control group consisted of pupils belonging to 1st or 2nd health group. The diagnostics of psychophysiological characteristics of pupils comprised the study of the dynamics of nervous processes in the central nervous system using “NS-PsychoTest” computer appliance. The quality of the regulatory functions of neurovegetative provision was assessed with the help of “Polispectr-Rhythm” computer appliance (NeuroSoft, Russia). Results. The results of the psychophysiological testing of adolescents with postural dysfunction reveal the mobilization-compensatory mechanism of sensorimotor integration, which provides the high regulation and effectiveness of the locomotor action with reduced neuronal reactivity and weakness of the nervous system. The results of the factor analysis of the integral indicators of the dynamics of the nervous processes in the central nervous system, heart rhythm neurovegetative regulation, and the parameters of vegetative life support systems in the examined pupils revealed two options for the ensuring of body reactivity. The “Psychosomatic” variant of reactivity is manifested in adolescents without the pronounced symptoms of disturbances in the locomotor system; the “Somatoform” option is revealed in adolescents of both sexes with dysfunction of the locomotor system. Conclusion. The steady growth of pathology in the locomotor system of modern pupils determines the necessity of an integrative assessment of the health of students with disorders of the locomotor system. The adolescents with the signs of postural dysfunction show somatoform reactions being the manifestation of tension in the adaptation mechanisms of the neurovegetative regulation and providing the relative stability of neurodynamic processes and perfect movement and static muscular effort regulation in comparison with the control group. In adolescents from the control group, cognitive activity is mainly determined by the nervous retuning of systemic reactions.

References

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15. Baharav A., Mimouni M., Lehrman-Sagie T., Izraeli S., Akselrod S. Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate in Vasovagal Syncope. The Autonomic Nervous System in Vasovagal Syncope. Clinical Autonomic Research, 1993, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 261.
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References on translit

1. Vasil'eva T.G., Kochetkova E.A. [Some Aspects of the Problem of Violation of Posture in Adolescents of Primorsky Krai]. Osteoporoz i osteopatii [Osteoporosis and Osteopathy], 2007, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 2–4. (in Russ.)
2. Doklad o sostoyanii zdorov'ya naseleniya i organizatsii zdravookhraneniya po itogam deyatel'nosti organov ispolnitel'noy vlasti sub"ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii [The Report on the Health Status of the Population and the Organization of Public Health Services on the Basis of the Activities of the Executive Authorities of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation]. Moscow, 2014. 129 p.
3. Efimenko P.B. [Somatovegetative Disorders in the Body of Students with Forced Functional Distortion of Posture]. Fizicheskoe vospitanie studentov [Physical Education of Students], 2011, no. 6, pp. 37–39. (in Russ.)
4. Komin S.V., Ryzhov A.Ya. [On the Question of the Identity of the Parameters of Physiological Tremor in the Hands of Boys and Girls 9-10 Years Old]. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Biologiya i ekologiya [Bulletin of Tver State University. Series. Biology and Ecology], 2006, no. 2, pp. 40–45. (in Russ.)
5. Kuchma V.R., Makarova A.Yu., Rapoport I.K. [Medical Provision of Children in Educational Institutions in the Russian Federation. Problems and Solutions]. Zdravookhranenie RF [Healthcare of the Russian Federation], 2014, no. 3, pp. 4–9. (in Russ.)
6. Mirskaya N.B. [Risk Factors That Negatively Affect the Formation of the Musculoskeletal System of Children and Adolescents in Modern Conditions]. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation], 2013, no. 1, pp. 65–71. (in Russ.)
7. Mikhaylov V.M. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa. Opyt prakticheskogo primeneniya metoda [The Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart. Experience of Practical Application of the Method]. Ivanovo, Neurosoft Publ., 2002. 200 p.
8. Nanieva A.R., Kusova A.R., Khetagurova L.G. [The State of Psychophysiological Functions and Performance in Schoolchildren in Graduation Classes]. Zdorov'e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya [Health of the Population and Habitat], 2011, no. 4, pp. 22–25. (in Russ.)
9. Norkin I.A., Shemyatenkov V.N., Zaretskov V.V. [Peculiarities of the Psychophysiological Status of Children and Adolescents with Scoliosis at Different Stages of Treatment]. Khirurgiya pozvonochnika [Surgery of the Spine], 2006, no. 4, pp. 8–12. (in Russ.)
10. Tsivako E., Login V. [Indicator Quality of the Equilibrium Function in Children with a Violation of Posture]. Izvestiya Yuzhnogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnicheskie nauki [News of the Southern Federal University. Series. Engineering], 2004, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 73–76. (in Russ.)
11. Chekalova N.G., Matveeva N.A., Silkin Yu.R. [Comprehensive Assessment of the Health of Schoolchildren with Different Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System]. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation], 2014, no. 4, pp. 66–69. (in Russ.)
12. Chechel'nitskaya S.M., Rumyantsev A.G., Volkov A.M. [Physiological and Psychological Features of Schoolchildren with Impaired Posture]. Voprosy prakticheskoy pediatrii [Questions of Practical Pediatrics], 2008, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 41–44. (in Russ.)
13. Shlyk N.I., Sapozhnikova E.N., Shumikhina I.I., Krasnoperova T.V. [Rhythm of the Heart and Hemodynamics in Children with Different Degrees of Stress of the Body's Regulatory Systems]. Teoriya i praktika ozdorovleniya naseleniya Rossii : materialy II Natsional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem [Theory and Practice of Health Improvement of the Population of Russia. Materials of the II National Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation], 2005, pp. 287–290. (in Russ.)
14. Shutova S.V., Murav'eva I.V. [Sensory Motor Reactions as a Characteristic of the Functional State of the CNS]. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Ser. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki [Bulletin of Tambov University. Ser. Natural and Technical Sciences], 2013, vol. 18, no. 5–3, pp. 2831–2840. (in Russ.).
15. Baharav A., Mimouni M., Lehrman-Sagie T., Izraeli S., Akselrod S. Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate in Vasovagal Syncope. The Autonomic Nervous System in Vasovagal Syncope. Clinical Autonomic Research, 1993, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 261.
16. Herpin D., Ragot S. Mid and Long Term Reproducibility of Noninvasive Measurements of Spontaneous Arterial Baroreflex Sensitivity in Healthy Variability. American Journal of Hypertension, 1997, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 790–797. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-7061(97)00115-5
17. Montana N., Ruscone T.G., Porta A., Lombardi F., Malliani A., Barman S.M. Presence of Vasomotor and Respiratory Rhythms in the Discharge of Single Medullary Neurons Involved in the Regulation of Cardiovascular System. Journal of Autonomic Nervous System, 1996, vol. 57, no. ?, pp. 116–122.
18. Rimoldi O., Pierini S., Ferrary A. Analisis of Shot-Term Oscillations of R-R and Arterial Pressure in Conscious Dogs. American Journal of Physiology, 1990, vol. 258, no. 4, pt. 2, p. Н967.
19. Schranz C., Meinck H.M. Primary Neurogenic and Myogenic Disorders of Posture. Der Orthopade, 2004, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 583–590. DOI: 10.1007/s00132-003-0621-0
Published
2017-12-01
How to Cite
Belousova, N., Maltsev, V., Matuszak, A., Soldatova, E., & Gorelova, G. (2017). PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF THE ADAPTATION OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DYSFUNCTION OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECT). Human. Sport. Medicine, 17(S), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm17s05
Section
Physiology