DYNAMICS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of immunogram indicators during the lymphocytic phase of leukocytosis in female students with different levels of physical activity. Materials and methods. The study involved female students aged 18–22 years, divided into the following groups based on their physical activity levels: athletes engaged in athletics 3–4 times per week for 2 hours each training session; students engaged in physical education classes for 2 hours per week; and students with low physical fitness and limited motor activity. Parameters of physical performance, blood circulation, and immune profile were assessed at rest. A comparative analysis of immune profiles between groups was performed following two 15-minute trials of moderate-paced running. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate CD cell populations, phagocytic activity, and NBT activity, while enzyme immunoassay was used to evaluate serum levels of IgA and IgM. Results. At rest, athletes exhibited reduced levels of phagocytosis and NBT activity, as well as decreased concentrations of CD₃⁺ and CD₄⁺. A positive correlation was observed between physical performance and serum IgA levels. During the lymphocytic phase, athletes demonstrated an increase in CD₃^–CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ and double-negative CD₄^–CD₈^–lymphocytes, whereas students from the preparatory department demonstrated a decline in the relative proportion of CD₃⁺CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ lymphocytes and an increase in CD₄^–CD₈⁺ lymphocytes. Conclusion. Thus, the findings indicate that the lymphocytic phase of leukocytosis in athletes effectively compensated for the reduced percentage of CD₃⁺ and CD₄⁺ lymphocytes, resulting in a significant increase in the absolute counts of CD₄^–CD₈^– and CD₃^–CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ cells. Among less physically prepared individuals, lymphocytosis maintained CD₃⁺CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ levels and was
associated with elevated proportions of CD₄⁺CD₈^– and CD₄^–CD₈⁺ lymphocytes.