CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE TO MUSCULAR LOAD AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THE CONCENTRATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN YOUNG MALES WITH DIFFERENT TRAINING SPECIFICS
Keywords:
Heart rate variability, cortisol, testosterone, physical load, recovery, athletes.
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this article is to study the peculiarities and correlations of vegetative and hormonal mechanisms of restoration after muscle activity in the athletes of different specializations and young males not involved in sports. Materials and methods. The research involved 47 male volunteers aged 17–24 years, including 34 athletes of high qualification and 13 relatively healthy men not involved in sports. The participants were divided into three groups according to their sport specialization: athletes improving speed-strength qualities, athletes involved in endurance sports, and the control group. As a model of acute muscle strain, we proposed 30-minute ergometer tests based on 2 W load per one kilogram of the body weight for a group of athletes and 1.3–2 W for untrained young males. We recorded RR intervals and hormone content under normal conditions, after load and an hour after the recovery. Results. Analyzing the temporal and frequency characteristics of HRV, we obtained similar results, demonstrating significant differences between the groups for each period of observation. We registered return to pre-exercise values of HRV within groups after 60-minute recovery. We established an inverse correlation between HRV and the concentration of cortisol and testosterone in blood plasma as a result of muscular load and subsequent recovery. Conclusion. HRV depends directly on the training level and body adaptation to aerobic loads: there is an increase in the progression “control – speed-strength – endurance”. The most obvious correlation was observed between HRV and cortisol. The correlation of HRV and testosterone may be mediated by the direct correlation of hormones relative to each other.References
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2. Baevskiy R.M. Prognozirovanie sostoyaniy na grani normy i patologii [Prediction of Conditions on the Verge of Norm and Pathology]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1979. 295 p.
3. Baevskiy R.M., Berseneva A.P. Otsenka adaptatsionnykh vozmozhnostey organizma i risk razvitiya zabolevaniy [Assessment of the Adaptive Capabilities of the Body and the Risk of Developing Diseases]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1997. 235 p.
4. Ban' A.S., Zagorodnyy G.M. [Vegetative Index for Assessing the Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart of Athletes]. Meditsinskiy zhurnal [The Medical Journal], 2010, no. 4 (34), pp. 127–130. (in Russ.)
5. Veyn A.M. Vegetativnye rasstroystva [Vegetative Disorders]. Moscow, Science Publ., 2003. 480 p.
6. Vinnichuk Yu.D., Gunina L.M. [Predictors and Markers of the Functional Condition of Athletes During Training in the Middle Mountains]. Zdorov'e dlya vsekh [Health for All], 2014, no. 2, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
7. Gavrilova E.A. Sport, stress, variabel'nost': monografiya [Sport, Stress, Variability. Monograph]. Moscow, Sport Publ., 2015. 168 p.
8. Grechishkina S.S., Petrova T.G., Namitokova A.A. [Features of the Functional State of the Cardiorespiratory System and Neurophysiological Status in Athletes Athletes]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University], 2011, no. 5, pp. 49–54. (in Russ.)
9. Ermakova I.V., Adamovskaya O.N., Sel'verova N.B. [Changes in Vegetative Regulation of Heart Rhythm and Cortisol Level During Mental Stress in Younger Adolescents]. Novye issledovaniya [New Research], 2015, no. 4 (45), pp. 105–116. (in Russ.)
10. Isaev A.P., Erlikh V.V. Polifunktsional'naya mobil'nost' i variabel'nost' organizma sportsmenov olimpiyskogo rezerva v sisteme mnogoletney podgotovki: monografiya [Multifunctional Mobility and Variability of the Organism of Athletes of the Olympic Reserve in the System of Long-Term Preparation. Monograph]. Chelyabinsk, South Ural St. Univ. Publ., 2010. 503 p.
11. Kolomiets O.I., Bykov E.V. [Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart when Adapting to Physical Loads of Different Directions]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific notes of the University named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 12 (118), pp. 98–103. (in Russ.)
12. Mikhaylov V.M. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa. Opyt prakticheskogo primeneniya metoda [The Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart. Experience of Practical Application of the Method]. Ivanovo, 2000. 200 p.
13. Orzhonikidze Z.G., Pavlov V.I. Fiziologiya futbola [Sociology of Football]. Moscow, Human Publ., 2008. 240 p.
14. Fleyshman A.N. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa i medlennye kolebaniya gemodinamiki: nelineynye fenomeny v klinicheskoy praktike [Heart Rate Variability and Slow Fluctuations of Hemodynamics. Nonlinear Phenomena in Clinical Practice]. Novosibirsk, SO RAN Publ., 2009. 194 p.
15. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya biologiya. Nauki o zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series of Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 6–4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
16. Yabluchanskiy N.I., Martynenko A.V. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma. V pomoshch' prakticheskomu vrachu [Heart Rate Variability. To Help a Practical Doctor]. Khar'kov, 2010. 131 p.
17. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1043–1065. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
18. Urhausen A., Gabriel H., Kindermann W. Blood Hormones as Markers of Training Stress and Overtraining. Sports Medicine, 1995, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 251–276. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004
2. Baevskiy R.M. Prognozirovanie sostoyaniy na grani normy i patologii [Prediction of Conditions on the Verge of Norm and Pathology]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1979. 295 p.
3. Baevskiy R.M., Berseneva A.P. Otsenka adaptatsionnykh vozmozhnostey organizma i risk razvitiya zabolevaniy [Assessment of the Adaptive Capabilities of the Body and the Risk of Developing Diseases]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1997. 235 p.
4. Ban' A.S., Zagorodnyy G.M. [Vegetative Index for Assessing the Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart of Athletes]. Meditsinskiy zhurnal [The Medical Journal], 2010, no. 4 (34), pp. 127–130. (in Russ.)
5. Veyn A.M. Vegetativnye rasstroystva [Vegetative Disorders]. Moscow, Science Publ., 2003. 480 p.
6. Vinnichuk Yu.D., Gunina L.M. [Predictors and Markers of the Functional Condition of Athletes During Training in the Middle Mountains]. Zdorov'e dlya vsekh [Health for All], 2014, no. 2, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
7. Gavrilova E.A. Sport, stress, variabel'nost': monografiya [Sport, Stress, Variability. Monograph]. Moscow, Sport Publ., 2015. 168 p.
8. Grechishkina S.S., Petrova T.G., Namitokova A.A. [Features of the Functional State of the Cardiorespiratory System and Neurophysiological Status in Athletes Athletes]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University], 2011, no. 5, pp. 49–54. (in Russ.)
9. Ermakova I.V., Adamovskaya O.N., Sel'verova N.B. [Changes in Vegetative Regulation of Heart Rhythm and Cortisol Level During Mental Stress in Younger Adolescents]. Novye issledovaniya [New Research], 2015, no. 4 (45), pp. 105–116. (in Russ.)
10. Isaev A.P., Erlikh V.V. Polifunktsional'naya mobil'nost' i variabel'nost' organizma sportsmenov olimpiyskogo rezerva v sisteme mnogoletney podgotovki: monografiya [Multifunctional Mobility and Variability of the Organism of Athletes of the Olympic Reserve in the System of Long-Term Preparation. Monograph]. Chelyabinsk, South Ural St. Univ. Publ., 2010. 503 p.
11. Kolomiets O.I., Bykov E.V. [Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart when Adapting to Physical Loads of Different Directions]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific notes of the University named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 12 (118), pp. 98–103. (in Russ.)
12. Mikhaylov V.M. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa. Opyt prakticheskogo primeneniya metoda [The Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart. Experience of Practical Application of the Method]. Ivanovo, 2000. 200 p.
13. Orzhonikidze Z.G., Pavlov V.I. Fiziologiya futbola [Sociology of Football]. Moscow, Human Publ., 2008. 240 p.
14. Fleyshman A.N. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa i medlennye kolebaniya gemodinamiki: nelineynye fenomeny v klinicheskoy praktike [Heart Rate Variability and Slow Fluctuations of Hemodynamics. Nonlinear Phenomena in Clinical Practice]. Novosibirsk, SO RAN Publ., 2009. 194 p.
15. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya biologiya. Nauki o zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series of Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 6–4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
16. Yabluchanskiy N.I., Martynenko A.V. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma. V pomoshch' prakticheskomu vrachu [Heart Rate Variability. To Help a Practical Doctor]. Khar'kov, 2010. 131 p.
17. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1043–1065. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
18. Urhausen A., Gabriel H., Kindermann W. Blood Hormones as Markers of Training Stress and Overtraining. Sports Medicine, 1995, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 251–276. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004
2. Baevskiy R.M. Prognozirovanie sostoyaniy na grani normy i patologii [Prediction of Conditions on the Verge of Norm and Pathology]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1979. 295 p.
3. Baevskiy R.M., Berseneva A.P. Otsenka adaptatsionnykh vozmozhnostey organizma i risk razvitiya zabolevaniy [Assessment of the Adaptive Capabilities of the Body and the Risk of Developing Diseases]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1997. 235 p.
4. Ban' A.S., Zagorodnyy G.M. [Vegetative Index for Assessing the Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart of Athletes]. Meditsinskiy zhurnal [The Medical Journal], 2010, no. 4 (34), pp. 127–130. (in Russ.)
5. Veyn A.M. Vegetativnye rasstroystva [Vegetative Disorders]. Moscow, Science Publ., 2003. 480 p.
6. Vinnichuk Yu.D., Gunina L.M. [Predictors and Markers of the Functional Condition of Athletes During Training in the Middle Mountains]. Zdorov'e dlya vsekh [Health for All], 2014, no. 2, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
7. Gavrilova E.A. Sport, stress, variabel'nost': monografiya [Sport, Stress, Variability. Monograph]. Moscow, Sport Publ., 2015. 168 p.
8. Grechishkina S.S., Petrova T.G., Namitokova A.A. [Features of the Functional State of the Cardiorespiratory System and Neurophysiological Status in Athletes Athletes]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University], 2011, no. 5, pp. 49–54. (in Russ.)
9. Ermakova I.V., Adamovskaya O.N., Sel'verova N.B. [Changes in Vegetative Regulation of Heart Rhythm and Cortisol Level During Mental Stress in Younger Adolescents]. Novye issledovaniya [New Research], 2015, no. 4 (45), pp. 105–116. (in Russ.)
10. Isaev A.P., Erlikh V.V. Polifunktsional'naya mobil'nost' i variabel'nost' organizma sportsmenov olimpiyskogo rezerva v sisteme mnogoletney podgotovki: monografiya [Multifunctional Mobility and Variability of the Organism of Athletes of the Olympic Reserve in the System of Long-Term Preparation. Monograph]. Chelyabinsk, South Ural St. Univ. Publ., 2010. 503 p.
11. Kolomiets O.I., Bykov E.V. [Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart when Adapting to Physical Loads of Different Directions]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific notes of the University named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 12 (118), pp. 98–103. (in Russ.)
12. Mikhaylov V.M. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa. Opyt prakticheskogo primeneniya metoda [The Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart. Experience of Practical Application of the Method]. Ivanovo, 2000. 200 p.
13. Orzhonikidze Z.G., Pavlov V.I. Fiziologiya futbola [Sociology of Football]. Moscow, Human Publ., 2008. 240 p.
14. Fleyshman A.N. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa i medlennye kolebaniya gemodinamiki: nelineynye fenomeny v klinicheskoy praktike [Heart Rate Variability and Slow Fluctuations of Hemodynamics. Nonlinear Phenomena in Clinical Practice]. Novosibirsk, SO RAN Publ., 2009. 194 p.
15. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya biologiya. Nauki o zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series of Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 6–4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
16. Yabluchanskiy N.I., Martynenko A.V. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma. V pomoshch' prakticheskomu vrachu [Heart Rate Variability. To Help a Practical Doctor]. Khar'kov, 2010. 131 p.
17. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1043–1065. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
18. Urhausen A., Gabriel H., Kindermann W. Blood Hormones as Markers of Training Stress and Overtraining. Sports Medicine, 1995, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 251–276. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004
References on translit
1. Afanas'eva I.A. [Dependence of Phagocytic Activity of Leukocytes on the Level of Cortisol in Athletes with Intensive Physical Exertion]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2011, no. 8 (78), pp. 19–23. (in Russ.)2. Baevskiy R.M. Prognozirovanie sostoyaniy na grani normy i patologii [Prediction of Conditions on the Verge of Norm and Pathology]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1979. 295 p.
3. Baevskiy R.M., Berseneva A.P. Otsenka adaptatsionnykh vozmozhnostey organizma i risk razvitiya zabolevaniy [Assessment of the Adaptive Capabilities of the Body and the Risk of Developing Diseases]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1997. 235 p.
4. Ban' A.S., Zagorodnyy G.M. [Vegetative Index for Assessing the Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart of Athletes]. Meditsinskiy zhurnal [The Medical Journal], 2010, no. 4 (34), pp. 127–130. (in Russ.)
5. Veyn A.M. Vegetativnye rasstroystva [Vegetative Disorders]. Moscow, Science Publ., 2003. 480 p.
6. Vinnichuk Yu.D., Gunina L.M. [Predictors and Markers of the Functional Condition of Athletes During Training in the Middle Mountains]. Zdorov'e dlya vsekh [Health for All], 2014, no. 2, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
7. Gavrilova E.A. Sport, stress, variabel'nost': monografiya [Sport, Stress, Variability. Monograph]. Moscow, Sport Publ., 2015. 168 p.
8. Grechishkina S.S., Petrova T.G., Namitokova A.A. [Features of the Functional State of the Cardiorespiratory System and Neurophysiological Status in Athletes Athletes]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University], 2011, no. 5, pp. 49–54. (in Russ.)
9. Ermakova I.V., Adamovskaya O.N., Sel'verova N.B. [Changes in Vegetative Regulation of Heart Rhythm and Cortisol Level During Mental Stress in Younger Adolescents]. Novye issledovaniya [New Research], 2015, no. 4 (45), pp. 105–116. (in Russ.)
10. Isaev A.P., Erlikh V.V. Polifunktsional'naya mobil'nost' i variabel'nost' organizma sportsmenov olimpiyskogo rezerva v sisteme mnogoletney podgotovki: monografiya [Multifunctional Mobility and Variability of the Organism of Athletes of the Olympic Reserve in the System of Long-Term Preparation. Monograph]. Chelyabinsk, South Ural St. Univ. Publ., 2010. 503 p.
11. Kolomiets O.I., Bykov E.V. [Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart when Adapting to Physical Loads of Different Directions]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific notes of the University named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 12 (118), pp. 98–103. (in Russ.)
12. Mikhaylov V.M. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa. Opyt prakticheskogo primeneniya metoda [The Variability of the Rhythm of the Heart. Experience of Practical Application of the Method]. Ivanovo, 2000. 200 p.
13. Orzhonikidze Z.G., Pavlov V.I. Fiziologiya futbola [Sociology of Football]. Moscow, Human Publ., 2008. 240 p.
14. Fleyshman A.N. Variabel'nost' ritma serdtsa i medlennye kolebaniya gemodinamiki: nelineynye fenomeny v klinicheskoy praktike [Heart Rate Variability and Slow Fluctuations of Hemodynamics. Nonlinear Phenomena in Clinical Practice]. Novosibirsk, SO RAN Publ., 2009. 194 p.
15. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya biologiya. Nauki o zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series of Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 6–4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
16. Yabluchanskiy N.I., Martynenko A.V. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma. V pomoshch' prakticheskomu vrachu [Heart Rate Variability. To Help a Practical Doctor]. Khar'kov, 2010. 131 p.
17. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1043–1065. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
18. Urhausen A., Gabriel H., Kindermann W. Blood Hormones as Markers of Training Stress and Overtraining. Sports Medicine, 1995, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 251–276. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004
Published
2018-02-01
How to Cite
Samikulin, P., Gryaznikh, A., Kuchin, R., & Nenenko, N. (2018). CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE TO MUSCULAR LOAD AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THE CONCENTRATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN YOUNG MALES WITH DIFFERENT TRAINING SPECIFICS. Human. Sport. Medicine, 18(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm180103
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Physiology
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