THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF NOVEL APPROACHES TO LOWER LIMB PROSTHESES DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Aim: this paper substantiates the most promising approaches to lower limb prostheses deve­lopment based on a comprehensive analysis of recent information and practical developments in the field. Materials and methods. The paper provides a comprehensive review of theoretical, methodological, and empirical articles from Scopus and RSCI databases to identify and summarize promising approaches for creating functional prostheses of the new generation. Results. Our analysis reveals two primary criteria for optimizing prosthetic parameters according to control theory: achieving movement goals and minimizing resource consumption. For hip and shin prostheses, walking at arbitrary paces is energetically optimal. Based on structural and functional analysis from control theory, the authors propose control schemes for bionic prostheses characterized by ease of setup, increased reliability, and user-friendliness. These designs aim to replace the amputated limb with significantly lower costs compared to foreign models. Original scientific studies have been conducted implementing an integrated problem-solving approach. Modular bionic prosthesis designs for lower leg and foot, including those using novel composite materials, have been deve­loped, along with proposed human-machine interfaces. Conclusion. The theoretical and methodological justification of new prosthetic technologies should encompass a systematic approach that addresses three interrelated tasks: technological (enhancing functionality through composite materials); biomechanical (reducing body energy expenditure and improving comfort in complex motor actions); and social (improving quality of life and cost-effectiveness of medical rehabilitation products).