PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF SPEECH DISORDERS IN 6–7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN THROUGH INDIVIDUALIZED MOTOR ACTIVITY: AUTONOMIC AND SENSORIMOTOR MARKERS

Abstract

Aim. This paper aims to develop a differentiated program for reducing the risk of atypical speech development in children with different levels of habitual physical activity (HPA) aged 6–7 years, based on their constitutional-typological features of sensorimotor and autonomic status. Materials and methods. A total of 255 children (135 boys, 120 girls) aged 6–7 years participated in the study. The protocol included a comprehensive health assessment; pedometry (Torneo, China) for determining HPA levels and centile norms; heart rate variability (HRV) recording (VNS-Micro, Neurosoft, Russia); and neurophysiolo­gical evaluation with the construction of an individual neurophysiological profile. Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Office Excel, ANOVA, and SPSS 26.0 (p < 0.05). Results. Qualitatively different neurophysiological profiles were observed across HPA levels (low, moderate, high), as evidenced by significant differences in HRV indices and neuropsychological test performance. These patterns were constitutionally and typologically determined: low HPA was associated with relative sympathicotonia and deficit in kinesthetic praxis; moderate HPA with balanced autonomic regulation but visuospatial difficulties; and high HPA with vagotonia and impaired serial movement organization. The 12-week personalized intervention aimed at improving motor and speech functions in 6- to 7-year-olds was based on matching the program to the child's baseline constitutional type. Conclusion. The physiological correction of speech disorders in 6- to 7-year-old children, implemented through individualized motor activity based on autonomic and sensorimotor markers, proved its effectiveness, with improvements in targeted neuropsychological tests (from 29 to 50 %). Moreover, 89% of children (p = 0.001) demonstrated improvement, confirming the physiological validity of the proposed approach.