FUNCTIONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE IN THE PREPARATORY PERIOD IN CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERS

Abstract

Aim. To identify effective functional and metabolic responses to exercise in the preparatory period in cross-country skiers. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service (South Ural State University, National Research University). Forty-five athletes were enrolled in the study. Prior to the study, informed consent was obtained from each participant. From the general sample, a group of the so-called leaders was formed based on the data of relative velocity (Vrel) recorded at the 5^th stage of exercise testing (n = 10). The results obtained in this group were within 0.075 and 0.001 c.u. and corresponded to the ranks of Master of Sport (n = 7), Candidate for Master of Sport (n = 2), and 1^st rank (n = 1). Erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte counting and blood biochemistry were performed at Sysmex XN-1000 (Japan) and Roche Diagnostics (Switzerland). The data on central and peripheral hemodynamics was obtained by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance measurements (Kentavr KRS and MARG 10-01 computer systems, Microlux). The statistical processing of the results obtained was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics v. Results. Factor analysis shows that at different stages of the preparatory period, athletes develop a specific set of functional and metabolic parameters as a response to exercise. The factor structure shows the features of the hierarchy of systemic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to exercise at different stages of the preparatory period. Conclusion. The factor analysis of the cellular composition of the blood and its biochemical and hemodynamic parameters allowed for the establishment of a set of parameters that characterize a different structure of functional and metabolic states in athletes as a response to exercise at different stages of the preparatory period.