ANALYSIS OF EMERGING TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF NEXT-GENERATION KNEE JOINT PROSTHESES

Abstract

Aim. This study aims to ascertain the state of current research on the design of knee joint prostheses. Materials and methods. A comprehensive review was conducted, encompassing publications indexed across the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. This analysis sought to identify emerging trends and consolidate modern methodologies in the field of knee joint prosthesis design. Results. The Russian market ranks among the foremost globally in terms of demand for prosthetic limbs, with nearly 97% of all amputations being of the lower extremities. This statistic underscores the critical importance of addressing the needs of individuals requiring lower extremity prosthetics. Current advancements in the design of lower limb prostheses focus on simulating the biomechanics of natural gait to enhance functionality and usability. The selection of a prosthetic design is contingent upon the individual's mobility level and the capability to utilize the device effectively. Key functionalities of knee prostheses include stability and control. A noteworthy area of innovation within prosthetics is the development of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic legs (MPCPL), particularly the Microprocessor Controlled Knee (MPK). Integration of external sensors and technological components enables automatic calibration of damping properties, thereby offering a broader spectrum of speed options, improved stability across various terrains, and adaptability to uneven surfaces such as stairs and ramps. Conclusion: The design process of knee joint prostheses requires maintaining a balance between the objectives of simulating optimal kinematics, minimizing weight, and facilitating customization, alongside considerations for cost-effectiveness for the end-user.