CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA IN YOUNG ATHLETES: LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Сonnective tissue dysplasia, cardiorespiratory system, adaptation, youth sports, young athletes
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this article is to review literature data on the modern concepts of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD), its prevalence and impact on adaptive abilities in children and young persons, including those engaged in sports and exercise activities. Results. Most studies demonstrate the prevalence of CTD in athletes compared with non-athletes. This paper presents the data on the impact of CTD on the ability of young athletes to adjust to regular intense exercise loads as well as to associated life risks. Conclusions. The article deals with various opinions on possible maladaptation of the cardiorespiratory system to physical loads in athletes with CTD and correlations between CTD and sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Taking into account the extremely high frequency of the detection of cardiac dysplasia markers (98%) and other phenotypic signs of CTD during the postmortem examination of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, we paid special attention to life threatening arrhythmias associated with dysplasia of the cardiorespiratory system. Moreover, we highlighted the issues of the admission to trainings for athletes with various types of CTD and practicability of individualized approach and training corrections depending on CTD manifestation.References
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6. Vershinina M.V. [Morphofunctional Feature of Bronchopulmonary System in Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Kazanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Kazan Medical Journal], 2007, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 56–61. (in Russ.)
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20. Kadurina T.I., Gnusaev S.F., Abbakumova L.N. [Hereditary and Multivariate Connective Tissue Disorders in Children Algorithm of Diagnosis. Management Tactics Draft Russian Recommendations Developed by the Expert Committee of Pediatric Group Connective Tissue Dysplasia at the Russian Scientific Society of Physicians]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2015, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5–35. (in Russ.)
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23. Kalaeva G.Yu., Zaytseva A.H., Khokhlova O.I. [Clinical and Functional Manifestations of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Adolescents]. Zhurnal “Pediatria” imeni G.N. Speranskogo [Journal Pediatria Named After G.N. Speransky], 2012, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 135–139. (in Russ.)
24. Kalaeva G.Y., Khokhlova О.I., Deev I.А. [The Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of the Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Adolescents]. Pediatricheskaya Farmakologiya [Pediatric Pharmacology], 2017, vol. 14, no. 5. pp. 373–379. (in Russ.)
25. Klemenov A.V. [Extracardiac Manifestations of Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Mitral Valve Prolapse]. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Cardiology], 2004, vol. 1, no. 45, pp. 87–89. (in Russ.)
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32. Mezhenskaya N.V., Stupchenko S.I. [Prevalence of Minor Cardiac Abnormalities as a Manifestation of Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Soccer Players]. Ukraїns'kiy morfologіchniy al'manah [Ukrainian Morphological Almanac], 2013, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 35–36. (in Russ.)
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36. Nechaeva G.I., Yakovlev V.M., Druk I.V. [Cardiac Arrhythmias with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Lechashhiy vrach [Therapist], 2008, no. 6, pp. 43–47. (in Russ.)
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39. Samusev R.P., Zubarev E.V., Konotobskov P.Yu. [Structural Changes of Heart in Athletes with Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta [Journal of Volgograd State Medical University], 2013, vol. 4, no. 48, pp. 87–88. (in Russ.)
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41. Sokolova N.I., Krivolap N.V. [Dependence of a Reserve of Adaptation of an Organism of Sportsmen on a Degree of Display Dysplasia a Conjunctive Tissue]. Pedagogika, psihologija i medikobiologicheskie problemy fizicheskogo vospitanija i sporta [Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports], 2007, no. 5, pp. 182–186. (in Russ.)
42. Timokhina V.E., Mekhdieva К.R., Cherednichenko А.М., Blyakhman F.А. [Significance of the False Chords in the Left Ventricle for Diagnostic Approaches in Child Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika [Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention], 2017, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 99–104. (in Russ.)
43. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki [Federal State Statistics Service]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/obraz/dop-obraz.htm (accessed 10.06.2018).
44. Tsaregorodtsev A.G. [Vascular Pathology in Connective Tissue Dysplasia in the Tanato-Genesis in Sudden Death of Young Persons]. Sibirskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Siberian Medical Journal], 2008, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 55–58. (in Russ.)
45. Shlyahto E.V., Arutyunov G.P., Belenkov Yu.N. [Russian Recommendations for Risk Assessment and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death]. Arkhiv vnutrenney mediciny [The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine], 2013, no. 4, pp. 5–15. (in Russ.)
46. Yagoda A.V., Novikova M.V., Gladkih N.N. [Risk Factors for Predicted of Significant Cardiac Arrhythmias in Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Arkhiv vnutrenney mediciny [The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine], 2015, vol. 1, no. 21, pp. 60–63. (in Russ.)
47. Blyakhman F., Ghista D. Left Ventricular Inhomogeneity and the Heart’s Functional Reserve. Cardiac Pumping and Perfusion Engineering. World Scientific Press, 2007. 680 р.
48. Castori M., Tinkle B., Levy H. et al. A Framework for the Classification of Joint Hypermobility and Related Conditions. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 2017, vol. 175C, pp. 148–157.
49. Clinch J., Deere K., Sayers A. et al. Epidemiology of Generalized Joint Laxity (Hypermobility) in Fourteen-Year-Old Children from the UK a Population-Based Evaluation. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2011, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 2819–2827.
50. Coles W., Copeman A., Davies K. Hypermobility in Children. Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 50–56.
51. Corrado D., Basso C., Pavei A. et al. Trends in Sudden Cardiovascular Death in Young Competitive Athletes After Implementation of a Preparticipation Screening Program. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2006, vol. 296, no. 13, pp. 1593–1601.
52. Finocchiaro G., Papadakis M., Robertus J.L. et al. Etiology of Sudden Death in Sports Insights From a United Kingdom Regional Registry. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016, vol. 67, no. 18, pp. 2108–2115.
53. Haller G., Zabriskie H., Spehar S. et al. Lack of Joint Hypermobility Increases the Risk of Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics – B, 2018, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 152–158.
54. Maron B.J., Pelliccia A. The Heart of Trained Athletes: Cardiac Remodeling and the Risks of Sports, Including Sudden Death. Circulation, 2006, vol. 114, no.15, pp. 1633–1644.
2. Balykova L.A., Ivyanskii S.A., Chigineva K.N. [Medical Support of Children’s Sports. Topical Problems]. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii [Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics], 2017, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 6–11. (in Russ.)
3. Belotserkovsky Z.B., Lyubina B.G. Serdechnaya deyatel’nost’ i funktsional’naya podgotovlennost’ u sportsmenov (norma i atipichnyye izmeneniya v normal’nykh i izmenennykh usloviyakh adaptatsii k fizicheskim nagruzkam) [Cardiac Function and Functional Capabilities of Athletes (Normal and Abnormal Changes in the Normal and Modified Conditions of Adaptation to Physical Activity)]. Moscow, Soviet Sport Publ., 2012. 548 p.
4. Blyakhman F.A., Zinovieva Yu.A., Mekhdieva K.R. [False Tendons in the Left Ventricle]. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Cardiology], 2017, vol. 2, pp. 87–91. (in Russ.)
5. Boytsov S.A., Kolos I.P., Lidov P.I. Natsional’nyye rekomendatsii po dopusku sportsmenov s otkloneniyami so storony serdechnososudistoy sistemy k trenirovochno-sorevnovatel’nomu protsessu. Ratsional’naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. Prilozheniye № 6 [Russian Recommendations for the Admission of Athletes with Disabilities in the Cardiovascular System to the Training-Competitive Process. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. Appendix No. 6], 2011, no. 6, 60 p.
6. Vershinina M.V. [Morphofunctional Feature of Bronchopulmonary System in Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Kazanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Kazan Medical Journal], 2007, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 56–61. (in Russ.)
7. Gavrilova E.A. Vnezapnaya smert’ v sporte [Sudden Death in Sport]. Moscow, Soviet Sport Publ., 2011. 236 p.
8. Gavrilova E.A. Sportivnoye serdtse. Stressornaya kardiomiopatiya [Athlete's Heart. Cardiomyopathy]. Moscow, Soviet Sport Publ., 2007. 200 p.
9. Galaktionova M.Yu., Maiseenko D.A. [Сardiac Arrhythmia in Children with Connective Tissue Dysplasia. Clinical and Hemodynamic Characteristics]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2016, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 283–286. (in Russ.)
10. Garganeeva N.P., Taminova I.F., Vorozhcova I.N. et al. [Adaptive Abilities of Sportsmen with Signs of Cardiac Connective Tissue Dysplasia Depending on Type of Blood Circulation, Level of Exercise Performance and Sporting Specialization]. Kubanskiy nauchniy medicinskiy vestnik [Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin], 2009, vol. 6, no. 111, pp. 30–34. (in Russ.)
11. Garganeeva N.P., Taminova I.F., Vorozhcova I.N. [Diagnosis of Early Markers of State of Disadaptation of Cardiovascular System to Loads in Sportsmen in Preparation and Competition Periods of Training Cycle]. Kubanskiy nauchniy medicinskiy vestnik [Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin], 2010, vol. 8, no. 122, pp. 46–50. (in Russ.)
12. Garganeeva N.P., Taminova I.F., Vorozhcova I.N. [Estimation of Central Hemodynamic and Physical Efficiency in Sportsmen with Sings of Dysplasia in Heart Connective Tissue]. Sibirskoe medicinskoe obozrenie [Siberian Medical Review], 2010, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 32–35. (in Russ.)
13. Gordeeva M.V., Mitrofanova L.B., Pahomov A.V. [Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Adults]. Vestnik aritmologii [Journal of Arrhythmology], 2012, vol. 68, pp. 34–44. (in Russ.)
14. Druk I.V., Nechaeva G.I., Morozov S.L. [Diastolic Function of the Left Ventricle and Tolerance to Physical Exercise in Patients with Pectus Excavatum]. Kazanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Kazan Medical Journal], 2007, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 53–56. (in Russ.)
15. Zemtsovskiy E.V., Lobanov M.Yu., Davtyan K.U. [Dysplastic Syndromes and Phenotypes as Perdictors of Atrial Fibrillation Paroxysms in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease]. Vestnik aritmologii [Journal of Arrhythmology], 2009, no. 56, pp. 14–19. (in Russ.)
16. Zemtsovskiy E.V. Displasticheskiye fenotipy i displasticheskoye serdtse: analiticheskiy obzor [Dysplastic Phenotypes and Dysplastic Heart. Analytical Review]. St. Petersburg, Olga Publ., 2007. 80 p.
17. Zemtsovskiy E.V. [Non Differentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia. Carthage Should be Destroyed?]. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika [Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention], 2008, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 73–78. (in Russ.)
18. Zemtsovskiy E.V. [Nondifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia. Attempt of New Judgement of the Concept]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2008, no. 2, pp. 8–14. (in Russ.)
19. Zemtsovskiy E.V., Reeva S.V., Timofeev E.V., Malev E.G., Tikhonenko V.M. [On Cardiac Arrhythmia Prevalence and Heart Rate Variability in Subjects with the Marfanoid Appearance]. Vestnik aritmologii [Journal of Arrhythmology], 2010, no. 59, pp. 47–52. (in Russ.)
20. Kadurina T.I., Gnusaev S.F., Abbakumova L.N. [Hereditary and Multivariate Connective Tissue Disorders in Children Algorithm of Diagnosis. Management Tactics Draft Russian Recommendations Developed by the Expert Committee of Pediatric Group Connective Tissue Dysplasia at the Russian Scientific Society of Physicians]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2015, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5–35. (in Russ.)
21. Kadurina Т.I., Abbakumova L.N. [Estimation of the Severity of the Nondifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Children]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2008, no. 2, pp. 15–20. (in Russ.)
22. Kadurina T.I., Gorbunova V.N. [Modern Concepts of Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Kazanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Kazan Medical Journal], 2007, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 2–5. (in Russ.)
23. Kalaeva G.Yu., Zaytseva A.H., Khokhlova O.I. [Clinical and Functional Manifestations of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Adolescents]. Zhurnal “Pediatria” imeni G.N. Speranskogo [Journal Pediatria Named After G.N. Speransky], 2012, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 135–139. (in Russ.)
24. Kalaeva G.Y., Khokhlova О.I., Deev I.А. [The Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of the Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Adolescents]. Pediatricheskaya Farmakologiya [Pediatric Pharmacology], 2017, vol. 14, no. 5. pp. 373–379. (in Russ.)
25. Klemenov A.V. [Extracardiac Manifestations of Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Mitral Valve Prolapse]. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Cardiology], 2004, vol. 1, no. 45, pp. 87–89. (in Russ.)
26. Kuzhel D.A., Matyushin G.V., Shulman V.A., Shtegman O.A., Savchenko E.A. [Marfan Syndrome]. Sibirskoe medicinskoe obozrenie [Siberian Medical Review], 2007, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 7–10. (in Russ.)
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32. Mezhenskaya N.V., Stupchenko S.I. [Prevalence of Minor Cardiac Abnormalities as a Manifestation of Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Soccer Players]. Ukraїns'kiy morfologіchniy al'manah [Ukrainian Morphological Almanac], 2013, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 35–36. (in Russ.)
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40. Smolenskiy A.V. Sostoyaniya povyshennogo riska serdechno-sosudistoy patologii v praktike sportivnoy meditsiny [The States of Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Pathology in the Practice of Sports Medicine]. Moscow, Physical Culture Publ., 2005, 152 p.
41. Sokolova N.I., Krivolap N.V. [Dependence of a Reserve of Adaptation of an Organism of Sportsmen on a Degree of Display Dysplasia a Conjunctive Tissue]. Pedagogika, psihologija i medikobiologicheskie problemy fizicheskogo vospitanija i sporta [Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports], 2007, no. 5, pp. 182–186. (in Russ.)
42. Timokhina V.E., Mekhdieva К.R., Cherednichenko А.М., Blyakhman F.А. [Significance of the False Chords in the Left Ventricle for Diagnostic Approaches in Child Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika [Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention], 2017, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 99–104. (in Russ.)
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44. Tsaregorodtsev A.G. [Vascular Pathology in Connective Tissue Dysplasia in the Tanato-Genesis in Sudden Death of Young Persons]. Sibirskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Siberian Medical Journal], 2008, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 55–58. (in Russ.)
45. Shlyahto E.V., Arutyunov G.P., Belenkov Yu.N. [Russian Recommendations for Risk Assessment and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death]. Arkhiv vnutrenney mediciny [The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine], 2013, no. 4, pp. 5–15. (in Russ.)
46. Yagoda A.V., Novikova M.V., Gladkih N.N. [Risk Factors for Predicted of Significant Cardiac Arrhythmias in Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Arkhiv vnutrenney mediciny [The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine], 2015, vol. 1, no. 21, pp. 60–63. (in Russ.)
47. Blyakhman F., Ghista D. Left Ventricular Inhomogeneity and the Heart’s Functional Reserve. Cardiac Pumping and Perfusion Engineering. World Scientific Press, 2007. 680 р.
48. Castori M., Tinkle B., Levy H. et al. A Framework for the Classification of Joint Hypermobility and Related Conditions. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 2017, vol. 175C, pp. 148–157.
49. Clinch J., Deere K., Sayers A. et al. Epidemiology of Generalized Joint Laxity (Hypermobility) in Fourteen-Year-Old Children from the UK a Population-Based Evaluation. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2011, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 2819–2827.
50. Coles W., Copeman A., Davies K. Hypermobility in Children. Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 50–56.
51. Corrado D., Basso C., Pavei A. et al. Trends in Sudden Cardiovascular Death in Young Competitive Athletes After Implementation of a Preparticipation Screening Program. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2006, vol. 296, no. 13, pp. 1593–1601.
52. Finocchiaro G., Papadakis M., Robertus J.L. et al. Etiology of Sudden Death in Sports Insights From a United Kingdom Regional Registry. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016, vol. 67, no. 18, pp. 2108–2115.
53. Haller G., Zabriskie H., Spehar S. et al. Lack of Joint Hypermobility Increases the Risk of Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics – B, 2018, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 152–158.
54. Maron B.J., Pelliccia A. The Heart of Trained Athletes: Cardiac Remodeling and the Risks of Sports, Including Sudden Death. Circulation, 2006, vol. 114, no.15, pp. 1633–1644.
References on translit
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13. Gordeeva M.V., Mitrofanova L.B., Pahomov A.V. [Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Adults]. Vestnik aritmologii [Journal of Arrhythmology], 2012, vol. 68, pp. 34–44. (in Russ.)
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16. Zemtsovskiy E.V. Displasticheskiye fenotipy i displasticheskoye serdtse: analiticheskiy obzor [Dysplastic Phenotypes and Dysplastic Heart. Analytical Review]. St. Petersburg, Olga Publ., 2007. 80 p.
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18. Zemtsovskiy E.V. [Nondifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia. Attempt of New Judgement of the Concept]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2008, no. 2, pp. 8–14. (in Russ.)
19. Zemtsovskiy E.V., Reeva S.V., Timofeev E.V., Malev E.G., Tikhonenko V.M. [On Cardiac Arrhythmia Prevalence and Heart Rate Variability in Subjects with the Marfanoid Appearance]. Vestnik aritmologii [Journal of Arrhythmology], 2010, no. 59, pp. 47–52. (in Russ.)
20. Kadurina T.I., Gnusaev S.F., Abbakumova L.N. [Hereditary and Multivariate Connective Tissue Disorders in Children Algorithm of Diagnosis. Management Tactics Draft Russian Recommendations Developed by the Expert Committee of Pediatric Group Connective Tissue Dysplasia at the Russian Scientific Society of Physicians]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2015, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5–35. (in Russ.)
21. Kadurina Т.I., Abbakumova L.N. [Estimation of the Severity of the Nondifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Children]. Medicinskiy Vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical News of North Caucasus], 2008, no. 2, pp. 15–20. (in Russ.)
22. Kadurina T.I., Gorbunova V.N. [Modern Concepts of Connective Tissue Dysplasia]. Kazanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal [Kazan Medical Journal], 2007, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 2–5. (in Russ.)
23. Kalaeva G.Yu., Zaytseva A.H., Khokhlova O.I. [Clinical and Functional Manifestations of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Adolescents]. Zhurnal “Pediatria” imeni G.N. Speranskogo [Journal Pediatria Named After G.N. Speransky], 2012, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 135–139. (in Russ.)
24. Kalaeva G.Y., Khokhlova О.I., Deev I.А. [The Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of the Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Adolescents]. Pediatricheskaya Farmakologiya [Pediatric Pharmacology], 2017, vol. 14, no. 5. pp. 373–379. (in Russ.)
25. Klemenov A.V. [Extracardiac Manifestations of Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Mitral Valve Prolapse]. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Cardiology], 2004, vol. 1, no. 45, pp. 87–89. (in Russ.)
26. Kuzhel D.A., Matyushin G.V., Shulman V.A., Shtegman O.A., Savchenko E.A. [Marfan Syndrome]. Sibirskoe medicinskoe obozrenie [Siberian Medical Review], 2007, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 7–10. (in Russ.)
27. Lagoda O.O. [New Approaches to the Diagnosis of Functional and Structural Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System in Young Athletes]. Fizicheskaya kul'tura: vospitanie, obrazovanie, trenirovka [Physical Education. Education, Training], 2001, vol. 4, pp. 10–12. (in Russ.)
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Published
2018-09-01
How to Cite
Timokhina, V., Mekhdieva, K., & Blyakhman, F. (2018). CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA IN YOUNG ATHLETES: LITERATURE REVIEW. Human. Sport. Medicine, 18(3), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm180310
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Section
Rehabilitation and sports medicine
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