CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS A REFLECTION OF IMPLEMENTED PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION
Keywords:
Students, heart rate variability, cardiovascular system, adaptation.
Abstract
Aim. To investigate changes in heart rate variability in students resulting from action of mechanisms for adaptation to university studies. Materials and Methods. Heart rate variability was assessed by the means of cardiointervalography according to Baevsky in 1st/2nd year students of the technical university (n = 30; age – 17–19). Boys from the experimental group were administered Selenes+ organic compounds in accordance with guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation one month prior to 1-4 examination sessions. The following parameters were studied: HR, RMSSD, pNN50, Mo, MxDMn; TP, HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF; type of vegetative regulation and the indicator of activity of regulatory systems. Results. Differential indicators of heart rate variability (RMSSD and pNN50) suggested the prevailing activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in the experimental group. The same tendency was observed in MxDMn which was higher in students of the group III as compared to the control group (255.0 ± 17.92 versus 195.3 ± 20.05 ms). Stress index (SI), vice versa, was higher in the students from the control group. Power of high frequency and low frequency components of spectrum (HF, LF) was higher in students taking Selenes+. Power of the very low frequency component (VLF) of spectrum was within the normal physiological range in both groups, while the level of LF/HF was higher in the students from the group I. Values of the indicator of activity of regulatory syst4ems suggested that most of students had a moderate functional tension. Conclusion. Students from the experimental group during the intersession period have a comparable advantage over the control group, which is attributed to Selenes+ prescribed one month prior to 1-4 examination sessions. The established fact proves the corrective effect of the modeled factor on specifics of heart rate variability and indirectly indicates the more effective realization of physiological mechanisms of adaptation to university studies.References
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2. Baevskiy P.M., Semenov Yu.N., Chernikova A.G. [Analysis of Heart Rate Variability with the Help of the Varicard Complex and the Problem of Recognition of Functional States]. Nauka [Science], 2000, pp. 167–178. (in Russ.)
3. Bokeriya L.A., Bokeriya O.L., Volkovskaya I.V. [Heart Rate Variability. Measurement Methods, Interpretation, Clinical Use]. Annaly aritmologii [Annals of Arrhythmology], 2009, no. 4, pp. 21–32. (in Russ.)
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5. Dimitriev D.A., Saperova E.V. Osnovnye zakonomernosti formirovaniya ekzamenatsionnogo stressa u studentov [The Main Regularities of the Formation of Exam Stress in students]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Pedagogical University Publ., 2009. 190 p.
6. Dimitriev D.A., Tuyzarova I.A. [Features of Turbulence of Heart Rhythm in Norm and with Arterial Hypertension]. Vestnik ChGPU imeni I.Ya. Yakovleva [Bulletin of the CPSU Named after I.Ya. Yakovlev], 2010, no. 4, pp. 44–49. (in Russ.)
7. Litvin F.B., Tsyganovskiy A.M., Sbitnyy S.N., Zabelina L.N. [Heart Rate Variability in Students with Different Motor Activity]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University of Lesgaft], 2015, no. 7 (125), pp. 123–129. (in Russ.)
8. Vasil'ev A.G., Agafonov A.V., Panikhina A.V. Perenosnoy apparat dlya opredeleniya davleniya, sozdavaemogo dykhatel'noy muskulaturoy pri vydokhe i vdokhe [Portable Apparatus for Determining the Pressure Created by the Respiratory Musculature During Exhalation and Inspiration]. Patent RF, no. 2122745, 2011.
9. Shlyk N.I. Serdechnyy ritm i tip regulyatsii u detey, podrostkov i sportsmenov: monografiya [Heart Rhythm and Type of Regulation in Children, Adolescents and Athletes. Monograph]. Izhevsk, Udmurt University Publ., 2009. 255 p.
10. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
11. McCraty R., Shaffer F. Heart Rate Variability. New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk. Glob Adv Health Med., 2015, vol. 4 (1), pp. 46–61. DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.073
12. Nickel P., Nachreiner F. Sensitivity and Diagnostics of the 0.1-Hz Component of Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Mental Workload. Human Factors, 2003, vol. 45 (4), pp. 575–590. DOI: 10.1518/hfes.45.4.575.27094
13. Panikhina A.V., Kolesnikova O.B. Effects of Recreational Aerobics on Adaptation of Female First-Year Students from Urban Area and Rural Area to Conditions of Higher School Education. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2012, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 480–482. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1557-3
14. Reyes del Paso G.A., Langewitz W., Mulder L.J., van Roon A., Duschek S. The Utility of Low Frequency Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Sympathetic Cardiac Tone. A Review with Emphasis on a Reanalysis of Previous Studies. Psychophysiology, 2013, vol. 50 (5), pp. 477–487. DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12027
15. Shearer A., Hunt M., Chowdhury M., Nicol L. Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Student Stress and Heart Rate Variability. International Journal of Stress Management. Advance Online Publication. DOI: 10.1037/a0039814
16. Taelman J., Vandeput S., Spaepen A., Van Huffel S. Influence of Mental Stress on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability. 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering. IFMBE Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2009, vol. 22, pp. 1366–1369.
17. Task Force of the European of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate Variability. Standarts of Measurements, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, no. 93, pp. 1043–1065.
2. Baevskiy P.M., Semenov Yu.N., Chernikova A.G. [Analysis of Heart Rate Variability with the Help of the Varicard Complex and the Problem of Recognition of Functional States]. Nauka [Science], 2000, pp. 167–178. (in Russ.)
3. Bokeriya L.A., Bokeriya O.L., Volkovskaya I.V. [Heart Rate Variability. Measurement Methods, Interpretation, Clinical Use]. Annaly aritmologii [Annals of Arrhythmology], 2009, no. 4, pp. 21–32. (in Russ.)
4. Shlyk N.I., Baevskiy R.M. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma: Teoreticheskie aspekty i prakticheskoe primenenie. Tezisy i doklady IV vserossiyskiy simpozium [Heart Rate Variability.Theoretical Aspects and Practical Application. Abstracts and Reports IV All-Russian Symposium]. Izhevsk, 2008. 344 p.
5. Dimitriev D.A., Saperova E.V. Osnovnye zakonomernosti formirovaniya ekzamenatsionnogo stressa u studentov [The Main Regularities of the Formation of Exam Stress in students]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Pedagogical University Publ., 2009. 190 p.
6. Dimitriev D.A., Tuyzarova I.A. [Features of Turbulence of Heart Rhythm in Norm and with Arterial Hypertension]. Vestnik ChGPU imeni I.Ya. Yakovleva [Bulletin of the CPSU Named after I.Ya. Yakovlev], 2010, no. 4, pp. 44–49. (in Russ.)
7. Litvin F.B., Tsyganovskiy A.M., Sbitnyy S.N., Zabelina L.N. [Heart Rate Variability in Students with Different Motor Activity]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University of Lesgaft], 2015, no. 7 (125), pp. 123–129. (in Russ.)
8. Vasil'ev A.G., Agafonov A.V., Panikhina A.V. Perenosnoy apparat dlya opredeleniya davleniya, sozdavaemogo dykhatel'noy muskulaturoy pri vydokhe i vdokhe [Portable Apparatus for Determining the Pressure Created by the Respiratory Musculature During Exhalation and Inspiration]. Patent RF, no. 2122745, 2011.
9. Shlyk N.I. Serdechnyy ritm i tip regulyatsii u detey, podrostkov i sportsmenov: monografiya [Heart Rhythm and Type of Regulation in Children, Adolescents and Athletes. Monograph]. Izhevsk, Udmurt University Publ., 2009. 255 p.
10. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
11. McCraty R., Shaffer F. Heart Rate Variability. New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk. Glob Adv Health Med., 2015, vol. 4 (1), pp. 46–61. DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.073
12. Nickel P., Nachreiner F. Sensitivity and Diagnostics of the 0.1-Hz Component of Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Mental Workload. Human Factors, 2003, vol. 45 (4), pp. 575–590. DOI: 10.1518/hfes.45.4.575.27094
13. Panikhina A.V., Kolesnikova O.B. Effects of Recreational Aerobics on Adaptation of Female First-Year Students from Urban Area and Rural Area to Conditions of Higher School Education. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2012, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 480–482. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1557-3
14. Reyes del Paso G.A., Langewitz W., Mulder L.J., van Roon A., Duschek S. The Utility of Low Frequency Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Sympathetic Cardiac Tone. A Review with Emphasis on a Reanalysis of Previous Studies. Psychophysiology, 2013, vol. 50 (5), pp. 477–487. DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12027
15. Shearer A., Hunt M., Chowdhury M., Nicol L. Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Student Stress and Heart Rate Variability. International Journal of Stress Management. Advance Online Publication. DOI: 10.1037/a0039814
16. Taelman J., Vandeput S., Spaepen A., Van Huffel S. Influence of Mental Stress on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability. 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering. IFMBE Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2009, vol. 22, pp. 1366–1369.
17. Task Force of the European of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate Variability. Standarts of Measurements, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, no. 93, pp. 1043–1065.
2. Baevskiy P.M., Semenov Yu.N., Chernikova A.G. [Analysis of Heart Rate Variability with the Help of the Varicard Complex and the Problem of Recognition of Functional States]. Nauka [Science], 2000, pp. 167–178. (in Russ.)
3. Bokeriya L.A., Bokeriya O.L., Volkovskaya I.V. [Heart Rate Variability. Measurement Methods, Interpretation, Clinical Use]. Annaly aritmologii [Annals of Arrhythmology], 2009, no. 4, pp. 21–32. (in Russ.)
4. Shlyk N.I., Baevskiy R.M. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma: Teoreticheskie aspekty i prakticheskoe primenenie. Tezisy i doklady IV vserossiyskiy simpozium [Heart Rate Variability.Theoretical Aspects and Practical Application. Abstracts and Reports IV All-Russian Symposium]. Izhevsk, 2008. 344 p.
5. Dimitriev D.A., Saperova E.V. Osnovnye zakonomernosti formirovaniya ekzamenatsionnogo stressa u studentov [The Main Regularities of the Formation of Exam Stress in students]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Pedagogical University Publ., 2009. 190 p.
6. Dimitriev D.A., Tuyzarova I.A. [Features of Turbulence of Heart Rhythm in Norm and with Arterial Hypertension]. Vestnik ChGPU imeni I.Ya. Yakovleva [Bulletin of the CPSU Named after I.Ya. Yakovlev], 2010, no. 4, pp. 44–49. (in Russ.)
7. Litvin F.B., Tsyganovskiy A.M., Sbitnyy S.N., Zabelina L.N. [Heart Rate Variability in Students with Different Motor Activity]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University of Lesgaft], 2015, no. 7 (125), pp. 123–129. (in Russ.)
8. Vasil'ev A.G., Agafonov A.V., Panikhina A.V. Perenosnoy apparat dlya opredeleniya davleniya, sozdavaemogo dykhatel'noy muskulaturoy pri vydokhe i vdokhe [Portable Apparatus for Determining the Pressure Created by the Respiratory Musculature During Exhalation and Inspiration]. Patent RF, no. 2122745, 2011.
9. Shlyk N.I. Serdechnyy ritm i tip regulyatsii u detey, podrostkov i sportsmenov: monografiya [Heart Rhythm and Type of Regulation in Children, Adolescents and Athletes. Monograph]. Izhevsk, Udmurt University Publ., 2009. 255 p.
10. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
11. McCraty R., Shaffer F. Heart Rate Variability. New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk. Glob Adv Health Med., 2015, vol. 4 (1), pp. 46–61. DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.073
12. Nickel P., Nachreiner F. Sensitivity and Diagnostics of the 0.1-Hz Component of Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Mental Workload. Human Factors, 2003, vol. 45 (4), pp. 575–590. DOI: 10.1518/hfes.45.4.575.27094
13. Panikhina A.V., Kolesnikova O.B. Effects of Recreational Aerobics on Adaptation of Female First-Year Students from Urban Area and Rural Area to Conditions of Higher School Education. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2012, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 480–482. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1557-3
14. Reyes del Paso G.A., Langewitz W., Mulder L.J., van Roon A., Duschek S. The Utility of Low Frequency Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Sympathetic Cardiac Tone. A Review with Emphasis on a Reanalysis of Previous Studies. Psychophysiology, 2013, vol. 50 (5), pp. 477–487. DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12027
15. Shearer A., Hunt M., Chowdhury M., Nicol L. Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Student Stress and Heart Rate Variability. International Journal of Stress Management. Advance Online Publication. DOI: 10.1037/a0039814
16. Taelman J., Vandeput S., Spaepen A., Van Huffel S. Influence of Mental Stress on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability. 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering. IFMBE Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2009, vol. 22, pp. 1366–1369.
17. Task Force of the European of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate Variability. Standarts of Measurements, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, no. 93, pp. 1043–1065.
References on translit
1. Baevskiy R.M., Ivanov G.G., Chireykin L.V. [Analysis of Heart Rate Variability when Using Various Electrocardiographic Systems]. Vestnik aritmologii [Herald of Arrhythmology], 2001, no. 24, pp. 65–86. (in Russ.)2. Baevskiy P.M., Semenov Yu.N., Chernikova A.G. [Analysis of Heart Rate Variability with the Help of the Varicard Complex and the Problem of Recognition of Functional States]. Nauka [Science], 2000, pp. 167–178. (in Russ.)
3. Bokeriya L.A., Bokeriya O.L., Volkovskaya I.V. [Heart Rate Variability. Measurement Methods, Interpretation, Clinical Use]. Annaly aritmologii [Annals of Arrhythmology], 2009, no. 4, pp. 21–32. (in Russ.)
4. Shlyk N.I., Baevskiy R.M. Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma: Teoreticheskie aspekty i prakticheskoe primenenie. Tezisy i doklady IV vserossiyskiy simpozium [Heart Rate Variability.Theoretical Aspects and Practical Application. Abstracts and Reports IV All-Russian Symposium]. Izhevsk, 2008. 344 p.
5. Dimitriev D.A., Saperova E.V. Osnovnye zakonomernosti formirovaniya ekzamenatsionnogo stressa u studentov [The Main Regularities of the Formation of Exam Stress in students]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Pedagogical University Publ., 2009. 190 p.
6. Dimitriev D.A., Tuyzarova I.A. [Features of Turbulence of Heart Rhythm in Norm and with Arterial Hypertension]. Vestnik ChGPU imeni I.Ya. Yakovleva [Bulletin of the CPSU Named after I.Ya. Yakovlev], 2010, no. 4, pp. 44–49. (in Russ.)
7. Litvin F.B., Tsyganovskiy A.M., Sbitnyy S.N., Zabelina L.N. [Heart Rate Variability in Students with Different Motor Activity]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University of Lesgaft], 2015, no. 7 (125), pp. 123–129. (in Russ.)
8. Vasil'ev A.G., Agafonov A.V., Panikhina A.V. Perenosnoy apparat dlya opredeleniya davleniya, sozdavaemogo dykhatel'noy muskulaturoy pri vydokhe i vdokhe [Portable Apparatus for Determining the Pressure Created by the Respiratory Musculature During Exhalation and Inspiration]. Patent RF, no. 2122745, 2011.
9. Shlyk N.I. Serdechnyy ritm i tip regulyatsii u detey, podrostkov i sportsmenov: monografiya [Heart Rhythm and Type of Regulation in Children, Adolescents and Athletes. Monograph]. Izhevsk, Udmurt University Publ., 2009. 255 p.
10. Shlyk N.I., Zufarova E.I. [The Standards of Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Subjects Aged 16–21 with Different Predominant Types of Vegetative Regulation]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences], 2013, no. 4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.)
11. McCraty R., Shaffer F. Heart Rate Variability. New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk. Glob Adv Health Med., 2015, vol. 4 (1), pp. 46–61. DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.073
12. Nickel P., Nachreiner F. Sensitivity and Diagnostics of the 0.1-Hz Component of Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Mental Workload. Human Factors, 2003, vol. 45 (4), pp. 575–590. DOI: 10.1518/hfes.45.4.575.27094
13. Panikhina A.V., Kolesnikova O.B. Effects of Recreational Aerobics on Adaptation of Female First-Year Students from Urban Area and Rural Area to Conditions of Higher School Education. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2012, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 480–482. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1557-3
14. Reyes del Paso G.A., Langewitz W., Mulder L.J., van Roon A., Duschek S. The Utility of Low Frequency Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Sympathetic Cardiac Tone. A Review with Emphasis on a Reanalysis of Previous Studies. Psychophysiology, 2013, vol. 50 (5), pp. 477–487. DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12027
15. Shearer A., Hunt M., Chowdhury M., Nicol L. Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Student Stress and Heart Rate Variability. International Journal of Stress Management. Advance Online Publication. DOI: 10.1037/a0039814
16. Taelman J., Vandeput S., Spaepen A., Van Huffel S. Influence of Mental Stress on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability. 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering. IFMBE Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2009, vol. 22, pp. 1366–1369.
17. Task Force of the European of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate Variability. Standarts of Measurements, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 1996, no. 93, pp. 1043–1065.
Published
2017-12-01
How to Cite
Nikulina, A., Kozlov, V., & Shukanov, A. (2017). CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS A REFLECTION OF IMPLEMENTED PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION. Human. Sport. Medicine, 17(4), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm170402
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Physiology
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