HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INJURED ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT IN MALE ATHLETES FROM TEAM SPORTS AND MARTIAL ARTS

Abstract

Aim: the paper aims to establish the histological features of the injured ACL in male athletes from various sports. Materials and methods. Participants: male athletes (average age – 24.52 ± 3.36 years) from team sports (group 1 (G-1) – n = 13) and martial arts (group 2 (G-2) – n = 13). All participants (n = 26) were questioned about complaints associated with knee injury. Biopsy materials were obtained during arthroscopic interventions. The quantitative ratio of collagen fibers in the fibrous layer of hyaline cartilage was evaluated. For the purpose of morphometry and data evaluation the van Gieson method was used along with observational microscopy and microphotography. Results. There was a significant (p < 0.01) difference in ACL collagen fibers in different groups of athletes. 2.26 ± 0.23% of collagen fibers were detected in athletes (G-1). In athletes (G-2), 1.49 ± 0.28% of collagen fibers were detected. The study demonstrated a heterogeneous structure of ACL cartilage tissue in athletes (G-2) from martial arts. Conclusion. Athletes with injured ACL (G-1) have a denser and more homogeneous structure of collagen fibers compared to (G-2). It can be assumed that athletes (G-1) are more resistant to ACL injuries in their sports practice. A significant number of ACL injuries in athletes from team sports is associated with the features of the training process and training intensity.