PROGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF EXERCISE CARDIAC RHYTHMOGRAM DURING THE EARLY ADAPTATION PERIOD
Keywords:
Mathematical modeling of the cardiac rhythmogram, criteria, markers, forecast of tolerance to physical load, maximal load test
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this article is to determine variability of cardiac rhythmogram under the stress test during the early adaptation period (EAP) to reveal prognostic markers of tolerance to physical load. Materials and methods. We studied two groups of relatively healthy people aged 18–22 years (34 persons in each group). The first group consisted of the people involved in sports, and the second group comprised the people not involved in sports. We performed a maximal ergometer test according to an individual protocol. We applied mathematical modeling to CRG obtained. M markers for CRG during the early adaptation period were matched (Spearman) with individual load and recovery figures. We performed an inter-group comparison (Mann-Whitney). Results. The variability of CRG during the early adaptation period has characteristics of the entire exercise period and is connected with individual tolerance to physical load. M markers for CRG reflect peculiarities of the entire time series and can be used to study variability and relations with other adaptation mechanisms. EAP minute models allowed us to reveal its critical stages: maximal variability (1–2 min) and stability (3 min); maximal variability speed (1 min), pronounced speed reduction (2 min), minimal speed (3 min). The last (3) minute of EAP in the second group reflects most accurately the limit of individual tolerance to physical load. Groups differ significantly from each other in terms of the maximal level and chronotropic parameters of tolerance, starting time and speed of CRG changes. At the same time, for the people not involved in sports, M markers for CRG reflect individual tolerance in the same way as average and maximal HR values determined for the entire exercise period. For athletes, the present markers determine maximal tolerance to a less extent but prove tolerance quality. Conclusion. M markers for CRG revealing characteristics and peculiarities of chronotropic adaptation can be used to study and forecast physical endurance and fitness and to prevent physical overexertion in the people involved in sports. For the people not involved in sports, it helps to estimate both health state and disturbances of adaptation processes.References
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2. Anokhin P.K. Uzlovye voprosy teorii funktsional'noy sistemy [Nodal Questions of the Theory of a Functional System]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1980. 196 p.
3. Gaisenok O.V., Martsevich S.Yu. [Prognostic Significance of Integral Indices in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease, Depending on the Possibility of Performing a Sample with a Measured Physical Load]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2013, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 24–27. (in Russ.)
4. Tarasova O.S., Borovik A.S., Kuznetsov S.Yu. [Dynamics of Physiological Indicators when the Intensity of Physical Activity Changes]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2013, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 171–177. (in Russ.)
5. Makarov L.M., Balykova L.A., Gorbunova I.A. [Changes in the QT Interval During the Sample with Dosed Physical Activity in Healthy Adolescents Aged 11-15]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2012, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 15–21. (in Russ.)
6. Fomichev A.V., Glushkov S.A., Vorob'ev A.N. [Variability of the Cardiorhythmogram Under Unlimited Physical Loads]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 122–127. (in Russ.)
7. Aronov D.M., Bubnova M.G., Ioseliani D.G. [Complex Program of Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass in Conditions of Out-Patient Cardiorespiratory Department. Clinical Effects of the Third Stage of Rehabilitation]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 10–19. (in Russ.)
8. Lapkin M.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Value of the Variability of Cardio Intervals in Stress Testing]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2017, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 71–77. (in Russ.)
9. Lyamina N.P., Kotel'nikova E.V. [Possibilities of Expanding Physical Rehabilitation in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions with Rhythm Disturbances]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2013, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 311–316. (in Russ.).
10. Meerson F.Z., Pshennikova M.G. Adaptatsiya k stressovym situatsiyam i fizicheskim nagruzkam [Adaptation to Stressful Situations and Physical Loads]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1988. 253 p.
11. Mikhaylov V.M. Nagruzochnoe testirovanie pod kontrolem EKG: veloergometriya, tredmilltest, step-test, khod'ba [Stress Testing Under the Control of ECG. Veloergometry, Treadmill Test, Step Test, Walking]. Ivanovo, Talka Publ., 2008. 545 p.
12. Lelyavina T.A., Sitnikova M.Yu., Berezina A.V. [New Approaches to the Isolation of the Stages (Phases) of Continuously Increasing Physical Exertion on the Example of Cardiorespiratory Test]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2012, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 146–150. (in Russ.)
13. Oleynikov V.E., Kulyutsin A.V., Luk'yanova M.V. [An Original way to Assess the Chronotropic Function of the Heart From the Data of the Daily Recording of the Electrocardiogram]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2012, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 38–43. (in Russ.)
14. Mikhaylov V.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L., Sadel'nikov B.A. Sposob opredeleniya perenosimosti fizicheskoy nagruzki po tochke uskol'zaniya serdechnogo ritma ot vegetativnogo kontrolya [The Method of Determining the Tolerance of Physical Activity to the Point of Eluding the Heart Rhythm from Vegetative Control]. Patent RF, no. 2355301, 2009.
15. Petrov A.B., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Dynamics of Variability of Cardiorhythmogram in Stress Testing]. Sportivnaya meditsina: nauka i praktika [Sports Medicine. Science and Practice], 2015, no. 4, pp. 41–45. (in Russ.)
16. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Temporal Analysis of the Distribution of Cardiointervals During Stress Testing]. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya i eksperimental'naya terapiya [Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy], 2011, no. 2, pp. 34–40. (in Russ.)
17. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Assessment of the Functional State of the Body by Cardiothorigram in Stress Testing]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2007, no. 1, pp. 10–11. (in Russ.)
18. Saltykova M.M. [The Main Mechanisms that Cause Changes in the Amplitude of the QRS Complex Teeth on an Electrocardiogram Under Stress Testing of Practically Healthy Individuals]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of man], 2015, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 74–82. (in Russ.)
19. Saunders D.G., Sanderson M., Brazzelli M. [Physical Training for Patients with Stroke. Updated Review]. Stroke [Stroke], 2014, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 75–76. (in Russ.)
20. Mukharlyamov F.Yu., Golovunina I.S., Rassulova M.A. [Stage Rehabilitation of Hypertensive Patients with Cyclic and Force Loads]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2013, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 162–167. (in Russ.)
21. Pomeshkina S.A., Loktionova E.B., Arkhipova N.V. [The Effectiveness of Home Physical Training and Adherence to Treatment in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 23–29. (in Russ.)
22. Haykowsky M., Brubaker P., Stewart K. Effect of Endurance Training on the Determinants of Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption in Elderly Patients with Stable Compensated Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.055
23. Scott J., Haykowsky M., Eggebeen J. Reliability of Peak Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol., 2012, vol. 110, pp. 1809 -1813. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.08.015
2. Anokhin P.K. Uzlovye voprosy teorii funktsional'noy sistemy [Nodal Questions of the Theory of a Functional System]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1980. 196 p.
3. Gaisenok O.V., Martsevich S.Yu. [Prognostic Significance of Integral Indices in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease, Depending on the Possibility of Performing a Sample with a Measured Physical Load]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2013, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 24–27. (in Russ.)
4. Tarasova O.S., Borovik A.S., Kuznetsov S.Yu. [Dynamics of Physiological Indicators when the Intensity of Physical Activity Changes]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2013, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 171–177. (in Russ.)
5. Makarov L.M., Balykova L.A., Gorbunova I.A. [Changes in the QT Interval During the Sample with Dosed Physical Activity in Healthy Adolescents Aged 11-15]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2012, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 15–21. (in Russ.)
6. Fomichev A.V., Glushkov S.A., Vorob'ev A.N. [Variability of the Cardiorhythmogram Under Unlimited Physical Loads]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 122–127. (in Russ.)
7. Aronov D.M., Bubnova M.G., Ioseliani D.G. [Complex Program of Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass in Conditions of Out-Patient Cardiorespiratory Department. Clinical Effects of the Third Stage of Rehabilitation]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 10–19. (in Russ.)
8. Lapkin M.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Value of the Variability of Cardio Intervals in Stress Testing]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2017, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 71–77. (in Russ.)
9. Lyamina N.P., Kotel'nikova E.V. [Possibilities of Expanding Physical Rehabilitation in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions with Rhythm Disturbances]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2013, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 311–316. (in Russ.).
10. Meerson F.Z., Pshennikova M.G. Adaptatsiya k stressovym situatsiyam i fizicheskim nagruzkam [Adaptation to Stressful Situations and Physical Loads]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1988. 253 p.
11. Mikhaylov V.M. Nagruzochnoe testirovanie pod kontrolem EKG: veloergometriya, tredmilltest, step-test, khod'ba [Stress Testing Under the Control of ECG. Veloergometry, Treadmill Test, Step Test, Walking]. Ivanovo, Talka Publ., 2008. 545 p.
12. Lelyavina T.A., Sitnikova M.Yu., Berezina A.V. [New Approaches to the Isolation of the Stages (Phases) of Continuously Increasing Physical Exertion on the Example of Cardiorespiratory Test]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2012, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 146–150. (in Russ.)
13. Oleynikov V.E., Kulyutsin A.V., Luk'yanova M.V. [An Original way to Assess the Chronotropic Function of the Heart From the Data of the Daily Recording of the Electrocardiogram]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2012, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 38–43. (in Russ.)
14. Mikhaylov V.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L., Sadel'nikov B.A. Sposob opredeleniya perenosimosti fizicheskoy nagruzki po tochke uskol'zaniya serdechnogo ritma ot vegetativnogo kontrolya [The Method of Determining the Tolerance of Physical Activity to the Point of Eluding the Heart Rhythm from Vegetative Control]. Patent RF, no. 2355301, 2009.
15. Petrov A.B., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Dynamics of Variability of Cardiorhythmogram in Stress Testing]. Sportivnaya meditsina: nauka i praktika [Sports Medicine. Science and Practice], 2015, no. 4, pp. 41–45. (in Russ.)
16. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Temporal Analysis of the Distribution of Cardiointervals During Stress Testing]. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya i eksperimental'naya terapiya [Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy], 2011, no. 2, pp. 34–40. (in Russ.)
17. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Assessment of the Functional State of the Body by Cardiothorigram in Stress Testing]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2007, no. 1, pp. 10–11. (in Russ.)
18. Saltykova M.M. [The Main Mechanisms that Cause Changes in the Amplitude of the QRS Complex Teeth on an Electrocardiogram Under Stress Testing of Practically Healthy Individuals]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of man], 2015, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 74–82. (in Russ.)
19. Saunders D.G., Sanderson M., Brazzelli M. [Physical Training for Patients with Stroke. Updated Review]. Stroke [Stroke], 2014, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 75–76. (in Russ.)
20. Mukharlyamov F.Yu., Golovunina I.S., Rassulova M.A. [Stage Rehabilitation of Hypertensive Patients with Cyclic and Force Loads]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2013, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 162–167. (in Russ.)
21. Pomeshkina S.A., Loktionova E.B., Arkhipova N.V. [The Effectiveness of Home Physical Training and Adherence to Treatment in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 23–29. (in Russ.)
22. Haykowsky M., Brubaker P., Stewart K. Effect of Endurance Training on the Determinants of Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption in Elderly Patients with Stable Compensated Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.055
23. Scott J., Haykowsky M., Eggebeen J. Reliability of Peak Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol., 2012, vol. 110, pp. 1809 -1813. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.08.015
2. Anokhin P.K. Uzlovye voprosy teorii funktsional'noy sistemy [Nodal Questions of the Theory of a Functional System]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1980. 196 p.
3. Gaisenok O.V., Martsevich S.Yu. [Prognostic Significance of Integral Indices in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease, Depending on the Possibility of Performing a Sample with a Measured Physical Load]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2013, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 24–27. (in Russ.)
4. Tarasova O.S., Borovik A.S., Kuznetsov S.Yu. [Dynamics of Physiological Indicators when the Intensity of Physical Activity Changes]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2013, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 171–177. (in Russ.)
5. Makarov L.M., Balykova L.A., Gorbunova I.A. [Changes in the QT Interval During the Sample with Dosed Physical Activity in Healthy Adolescents Aged 11-15]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2012, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 15–21. (in Russ.)
6. Fomichev A.V., Glushkov S.A., Vorob'ev A.N. [Variability of the Cardiorhythmogram Under Unlimited Physical Loads]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 122–127. (in Russ.)
7. Aronov D.M., Bubnova M.G., Ioseliani D.G. [Complex Program of Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass in Conditions of Out-Patient Cardiorespiratory Department. Clinical Effects of the Third Stage of Rehabilitation]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 10–19. (in Russ.)
8. Lapkin M.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Value of the Variability of Cardio Intervals in Stress Testing]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2017, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 71–77. (in Russ.)
9. Lyamina N.P., Kotel'nikova E.V. [Possibilities of Expanding Physical Rehabilitation in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions with Rhythm Disturbances]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2013, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 311–316. (in Russ.).
10. Meerson F.Z., Pshennikova M.G. Adaptatsiya k stressovym situatsiyam i fizicheskim nagruzkam [Adaptation to Stressful Situations and Physical Loads]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1988. 253 p.
11. Mikhaylov V.M. Nagruzochnoe testirovanie pod kontrolem EKG: veloergometriya, tredmilltest, step-test, khod'ba [Stress Testing Under the Control of ECG. Veloergometry, Treadmill Test, Step Test, Walking]. Ivanovo, Talka Publ., 2008. 545 p.
12. Lelyavina T.A., Sitnikova M.Yu., Berezina A.V. [New Approaches to the Isolation of the Stages (Phases) of Continuously Increasing Physical Exertion on the Example of Cardiorespiratory Test]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2012, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 146–150. (in Russ.)
13. Oleynikov V.E., Kulyutsin A.V., Luk'yanova M.V. [An Original way to Assess the Chronotropic Function of the Heart From the Data of the Daily Recording of the Electrocardiogram]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2012, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 38–43. (in Russ.)
14. Mikhaylov V.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L., Sadel'nikov B.A. Sposob opredeleniya perenosimosti fizicheskoy nagruzki po tochke uskol'zaniya serdechnogo ritma ot vegetativnogo kontrolya [The Method of Determining the Tolerance of Physical Activity to the Point of Eluding the Heart Rhythm from Vegetative Control]. Patent RF, no. 2355301, 2009.
15. Petrov A.B., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Dynamics of Variability of Cardiorhythmogram in Stress Testing]. Sportivnaya meditsina: nauka i praktika [Sports Medicine. Science and Practice], 2015, no. 4, pp. 41–45. (in Russ.)
16. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Temporal Analysis of the Distribution of Cardiointervals During Stress Testing]. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya i eksperimental'naya terapiya [Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy], 2011, no. 2, pp. 34–40. (in Russ.)
17. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Assessment of the Functional State of the Body by Cardiothorigram in Stress Testing]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2007, no. 1, pp. 10–11. (in Russ.)
18. Saltykova M.M. [The Main Mechanisms that Cause Changes in the Amplitude of the QRS Complex Teeth on an Electrocardiogram Under Stress Testing of Practically Healthy Individuals]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of man], 2015, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 74–82. (in Russ.)
19. Saunders D.G., Sanderson M., Brazzelli M. [Physical Training for Patients with Stroke. Updated Review]. Stroke [Stroke], 2014, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 75–76. (in Russ.)
20. Mukharlyamov F.Yu., Golovunina I.S., Rassulova M.A. [Stage Rehabilitation of Hypertensive Patients with Cyclic and Force Loads]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2013, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 162–167. (in Russ.)
21. Pomeshkina S.A., Loktionova E.B., Arkhipova N.V. [The Effectiveness of Home Physical Training and Adherence to Treatment in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 23–29. (in Russ.)
22. Haykowsky M., Brubaker P., Stewart K. Effect of Endurance Training on the Determinants of Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption in Elderly Patients with Stable Compensated Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.055
23. Scott J., Haykowsky M., Eggebeen J. Reliability of Peak Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol., 2012, vol. 110, pp. 1809 -1813. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.08.015
References on translit
1. Syrkin A.L., Glazachev O.S., Kopylov F.Yu. [Adaptation to Interval Hypoxia-Hyperoxia in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Tolerability of Physical Activity and Quality of Life]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 10–16. (in Russ.)2. Anokhin P.K. Uzlovye voprosy teorii funktsional'noy sistemy [Nodal Questions of the Theory of a Functional System]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1980. 196 p.
3. Gaisenok O.V., Martsevich S.Yu. [Prognostic Significance of Integral Indices in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease, Depending on the Possibility of Performing a Sample with a Measured Physical Load]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2013, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 24–27. (in Russ.)
4. Tarasova O.S., Borovik A.S., Kuznetsov S.Yu. [Dynamics of Physiological Indicators when the Intensity of Physical Activity Changes]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2013, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 171–177. (in Russ.)
5. Makarov L.M., Balykova L.A., Gorbunova I.A. [Changes in the QT Interval During the Sample with Dosed Physical Activity in Healthy Adolescents Aged 11-15]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2012, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 15–21. (in Russ.)
6. Fomichev A.V., Glushkov S.A., Vorob'ev A.N. [Variability of the Cardiorhythmogram Under Unlimited Physical Loads]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named after P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 122–127. (in Russ.)
7. Aronov D.M., Bubnova M.G., Ioseliani D.G. [Complex Program of Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass in Conditions of Out-Patient Cardiorespiratory Department. Clinical Effects of the Third Stage of Rehabilitation]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 10–19. (in Russ.)
8. Lapkin M.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Value of the Variability of Cardio Intervals in Stress Testing]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of Man], 2017, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 71–77. (in Russ.)
9. Lyamina N.P., Kotel'nikova E.V. [Possibilities of Expanding Physical Rehabilitation in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions with Rhythm Disturbances]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2013, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 311–316. (in Russ.).
10. Meerson F.Z., Pshennikova M.G. Adaptatsiya k stressovym situatsiyam i fizicheskim nagruzkam [Adaptation to Stressful Situations and Physical Loads]. Moscow, Medicine Publ., 1988. 253 p.
11. Mikhaylov V.M. Nagruzochnoe testirovanie pod kontrolem EKG: veloergometriya, tredmilltest, step-test, khod'ba [Stress Testing Under the Control of ECG. Veloergometry, Treadmill Test, Step Test, Walking]. Ivanovo, Talka Publ., 2008. 545 p.
12. Lelyavina T.A., Sitnikova M.Yu., Berezina A.V. [New Approaches to the Isolation of the Stages (Phases) of Continuously Increasing Physical Exertion on the Example of Cardiorespiratory Test]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. A Magazine for Practicing Doctors], 2012, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 146–150. (in Russ.)
13. Oleynikov V.E., Kulyutsin A.V., Luk'yanova M.V. [An Original way to Assess the Chronotropic Function of the Heart From the Data of the Daily Recording of the Electrocardiogram]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2012, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 38–43. (in Russ.)
14. Mikhaylov V.M., Pokhachevskiy A.L., Sadel'nikov B.A. Sposob opredeleniya perenosimosti fizicheskoy nagruzki po tochke uskol'zaniya serdechnogo ritma ot vegetativnogo kontrolya [The Method of Determining the Tolerance of Physical Activity to the Point of Eluding the Heart Rhythm from Vegetative Control]. Patent RF, no. 2355301, 2009.
15. Petrov A.B., Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Dynamics of Variability of Cardiorhythmogram in Stress Testing]. Sportivnaya meditsina: nauka i praktika [Sports Medicine. Science and Practice], 2015, no. 4, pp. 41–45. (in Russ.)
16. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Temporal Analysis of the Distribution of Cardiointervals During Stress Testing]. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya i eksperimental'naya terapiya [Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy], 2011, no. 2, pp. 34–40. (in Russ.)
17. Pokhachevskiy A.L. [Assessment of the Functional State of the Body by Cardiothorigram in Stress Testing]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2007, no. 1, pp. 10–11. (in Russ.)
18. Saltykova M.M. [The Main Mechanisms that Cause Changes in the Amplitude of the QRS Complex Teeth on an Electrocardiogram Under Stress Testing of Practically Healthy Individuals]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Physiology of man], 2015, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 74–82. (in Russ.)
19. Saunders D.G., Sanderson M., Brazzelli M. [Physical Training for Patients with Stroke. Updated Review]. Stroke [Stroke], 2014, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 75–76. (in Russ.)
20. Mukharlyamov F.Yu., Golovunina I.S., Rassulova M.A. [Stage Rehabilitation of Hypertensive Patients with Cyclic and Force Loads]. Serdtse: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachey [Heart. Journal for Practitioners], 2013, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 162–167. (in Russ.)
21. Pomeshkina S.A., Loktionova E.B., Arkhipova N.V. [The Effectiveness of Home Physical Training and Adherence to Treatment in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass]. Kardiologiya [Cardiology], 2017, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 23–29. (in Russ.)
22. Haykowsky M., Brubaker P., Stewart K. Effect of Endurance Training on the Determinants of Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption in Elderly Patients with Stable Compensated Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.055
23. Scott J., Haykowsky M., Eggebeen J. Reliability of Peak Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol., 2012, vol. 110, pp. 1809 -1813. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.08.015
Published
2018-02-01
How to Cite
Pokhachevskiy, A., Lapkin, M., Birchenko, N., Pokhachevskiy, D., Pozhimalin, V., Gadzhimuradov, F., & Petrov, A. (2018). PROGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF EXERCISE CARDIAC RHYTHMOGRAM DURING THE EARLY ADAPTATION PERIOD. Human. Sport. Medicine, 18(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm180104
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Physiology
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