PHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF THE SPEED OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF TYPE I MUSCLE FIBERS IN RACING SKIERS
Keywords:
Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), thrombocytes, hematocrit, hypercoagulation, acetylcholinesterase (ACH), muscle fiber types.
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study is to define physiological markers, determining the speed of muscle contraction and relaxation of type I muscle fibers in the racing skiers of high qualification. Material and methods. We studied male racing skiers aged 21–23 with the qualification of the Candidate for Master of Sport (14 persons) and the Master of Sport (6 persons). In order to reach the aim of the study we used instrumental methods and mathematical statistics techniques. Results. We registered that the slowdown of the end of blood coagulation from the training stage to a competition one by 5.04 % (р = 0.02) against the increase in hematocrit by 19.12 % (p = 0.035) results in the increase in the speed of type I muscle contraction. At the same time, the increase in the acetylcholinesterase level (ACH) by 4.07 % (p = 0.015) indicates the increase in the speed of muscle relaxation. Conclusion. As a result of the study, we found out changes in the muscle performance of racing skiers with a high level of sport efficiency. The increase in the activity of actomyosin ATPase of type I muscle fiber in racing skiers before competitions together with the increase in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ACH) determine the intensification of sport performance.References
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2. Blokhina N.A., Milyutina Yu.P., Korenevskiy A.V. [Serotonin Content in Platelets of Healthy Newborns]. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney [Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases], 2010, no. 4, vol. LIX, pp. 35–38. (in Russ.)
3. Burshteyn A.E. Biofizika myshechnogo sokrashcheniya [Biophysics of Muscle Contraction]. Moscow, 1966. 120 p.
4. Gerasimov I.G. [Approaches to the Estimation of the Parameters of the Spectrum of the Activity of Hydrogen Ions in Biological Fluids I. Electrochemical Method]. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy [Herald of New Medical Technologies], 2006, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 136–138. (in Russ.)
5. Grushin A.A., Batalov A.G., Son'kin V.D. [Functional Performance Indicators and Athletic Performance in Elite Skiers-Racer]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 3, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
6. Dvoskin A.S. [Technical and Tactical Actions of Qualified Skiers-Riders of Sprinters]. Nauchnoteoreticheskiy zhurnal “Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta” [Scientific-Theoretical Journal Uchenye Zapiski Universiteta name P.F. Lesgaft], 2010, no. 6 (64), pp. 18–22. (in Russ.)
7. Dolgov M.A., Kosarev A.V. [Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Contraction and Relaxation of Muscle Tissue and Its Energy Supply]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Orenburg State University], 2005, no. 10, vol. 2, pp. 14–17. (in Russ.)
8. Zelenkova I.E., Zotkin S.V., Grushin A.A., Aikina V.A., Zagurskogo N.S. [Comparative Evaluation of the Methods of Normo- and Hypobaric Hypoxia in Training Athletes]. Sovremennaya sistema sportivnoy podgotovki v biatlone. Materialy V Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Modern System of Sports Training in Biathlon. Materials of the V All–Russian Scientific and Practical Conference], 2016, pp. 79–95. (in Russ.)
9. Isaev A.P., Korol'kov V.V., Erlikh V.V., Arakelyan A.L., Turanina S.V. [The Role of Connective Tissue in Intensive Training Influences in the Formation of Homeostasis and Physical Performance in Athletes of the Olympic Reserve]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2011, no. 4, pp. 20–22. (in Russ.)
10. Karas' S.I., Makarova E.V., Yazykov K.G. [Dynamics of Serotonin Content in Human Platelets]. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostica [Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics], 1992, no. 5–6, pp. 50–52. (in Russ.)
11. Kolykhmatov V.I., Kaminskiy Yu.M., Golovachev A.I. [Dynamics of Intensity of Competitive Activity of High-Qualified Athletes in a Ski Sprint]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named After P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 8 (114), pp. 83–88. (in Russ.)
12. Kuznik B.I. [Blood Groups and the Homeostasis System]. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya [Hematology and Transfusiology], 2010, no. 1, vol. 55, pp. 32–36. (in Russ.)
13. Lysenko E.N. [Prediction of Physical Working Capacity and Reaction of Cardiorespiratory System Under Aerobic Loads in High-Class Athletes]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 4, pp. 33–38. (in Russ.)
14. Maleev D.O., Potapov V.N. [Physical Preparation of Skiers-Racers of High Qualification Using Artificial Hypoxic Training Means]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2016, no. 3, pp. 74–77. (in Russ.)
15. Mokhan R., Glesson M., Grinkhaff P.L. Biokhimiya myshechnoy deyatel'nosti i fizicheskoy trenirovki [Biochemistry of Muscular Activity and Physical Training], Transl. from Engl. Kiev, Olympic Literature Publ., 2001. 294 p.
16. Nasledov A.D. SPSS 15: Professional'nyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykhv [SPSS 15: Professional Statistical Analysis of Data]. St. Peterburg, Peter Publ., 2008. 416 p.
17. Popov D.V., Vinogradova O.L. [Aerobic Performance. The Role of Oxygen Delivery, its Utilization and Activation of Glycolysis]. Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk [Progress in the Physiological Sciences], 2012, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 30–47. (in Russ.)
18. Proskurina S.E., Petrova K.A., Kharlamova A.D., Kreshi E., Nikol'skiy E.E., Zinchenko V.P., Berezhnova A.V. [Investigation of the Specificity of Inhibition Mediated by Glutamate and Glycine for Various Molecular forms of Acetylcholinesterase in Neuromuscular Synapses in Mammals]. Sbornik statey retseptory i vnutrikletochnaya organizatsiya [Collection of Articles, Receptors and Intracellular Organization], 2015, pp. 400–404. (in Russ.)
19. Seluyanov V.N. Podgotovka beguna na srednie distantsii: uchebnoe posobie [Preparation of a Runner for Medium Distances. Manual]. Moscow, TVT division Publ., 2007. 112 p.
20. Uilmor Dzh.Kh., Kostill D.L. Fiziologiya sporta i dvigatel'noy aktivnosti [Physiology of Sport and Motor Activity]. Kiev, Olympic Literature Publ., 2001. 506 p.
21. Farfel' V.V. Upravlenie dvizheniem v sporte [Movement Control in Sports]. Moscow, Physical Training and Sports Publ., 1975. 175 p.
22. Fatkullina L.D., Molochkina E.M., Zorina O.M., Podchufarova D.E., Gavrilova S.I., Fedorova Ya.B., Klyushnik T.P., Burlakova E.B. [Parameters of Membrane Structure and Activity of Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase in Patients with Soft Cognitive Decline Syndrome]. Nevrologii i psikhiatrii [Neurology and Psychiatry], 2013, no. 6, pp. 62–67. (in Russ.)
23. Chawla S., Saxena S. Physiology of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Resonance, 2014, vol. 19, pp. 538–548. DOI: 10.1007/s12045-014-0057-3
24. Losnegard Т., Hallen J. Physiological Differences Between Sprint and Distance-Specialized Cross-Country Skiers. Int. Journal Sports Physiol. Perform., 2014, no. 9 (1), pp. 25–31.
25. Millet G. Counterpoint: Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces/Does not Induce Different Responses from Normobaric Hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol., 2012, vol. 112, pp. 1788–1794. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2012
26. Mounier R., Brugniaux J.V. Hypobaric Hypoxia Does not Induce Different Responses from Normobaric Hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012, vol. 112 (10), pp. 1784–1786. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00067.2012a
27. Rubtsov A.M. Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation of the Activity of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca-Release Channels (Ryanodine Receptors). Muscle Fatigue, and Severin's Phenomenon. Biochemistry. Moscow, 2001, no. 10, vol. 66, pp. 1132–1143. DOI: 10.1023/A:1012485030527
28. Saltin B. Success in CC Skiing: No Longer Just a Question of a High Aerobic Capacity. 6 International Congress on Science and Skiing, 2013. St. Christoph a. Arlberg, Austria, 2013. 14 p.
29. Sandbakk O., Grasaas C.A., Grasaas E. Physiological Determinants of Sprint and Distance Performance Level in Elite Cross-Country Skiers. 6 International Congress on Science and Skiing, 2013. St. Christoph a. Arlberg Austria, 93 p.
2. Blokhina N.A., Milyutina Yu.P., Korenevskiy A.V. [Serotonin Content in Platelets of Healthy Newborns]. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney [Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases], 2010, no. 4, vol. LIX, pp. 35–38. (in Russ.)
3. Burshteyn A.E. Biofizika myshechnogo sokrashcheniya [Biophysics of Muscle Contraction]. Moscow, 1966. 120 p.
4. Gerasimov I.G. [Approaches to the Estimation of the Parameters of the Spectrum of the Activity of Hydrogen Ions in Biological Fluids I. Electrochemical Method]. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy [Herald of New Medical Technologies], 2006, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 136–138. (in Russ.)
5. Grushin A.A., Batalov A.G., Son'kin V.D. [Functional Performance Indicators and Athletic Performance in Elite Skiers-Racer]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 3, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
6. Dvoskin A.S. [Technical and Tactical Actions of Qualified Skiers-Riders of Sprinters]. Nauchnoteoreticheskiy zhurnal “Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta” [Scientific-Theoretical Journal Uchenye Zapiski Universiteta name P.F. Lesgaft], 2010, no. 6 (64), pp. 18–22. (in Russ.)
7. Dolgov M.A., Kosarev A.V. [Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Contraction and Relaxation of Muscle Tissue and Its Energy Supply]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Orenburg State University], 2005, no. 10, vol. 2, pp. 14–17. (in Russ.)
8. Zelenkova I.E., Zotkin S.V., Grushin A.A., Aikina V.A., Zagurskogo N.S. [Comparative Evaluation of the Methods of Normo- and Hypobaric Hypoxia in Training Athletes]. Sovremennaya sistema sportivnoy podgotovki v biatlone. Materialy V Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Modern System of Sports Training in Biathlon. Materials of the V All–Russian Scientific and Practical Conference], 2016, pp. 79–95. (in Russ.)
9. Isaev A.P., Korol'kov V.V., Erlikh V.V., Arakelyan A.L., Turanina S.V. [The Role of Connective Tissue in Intensive Training Influences in the Formation of Homeostasis and Physical Performance in Athletes of the Olympic Reserve]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2011, no. 4, pp. 20–22. (in Russ.)
10. Karas' S.I., Makarova E.V., Yazykov K.G. [Dynamics of Serotonin Content in Human Platelets]. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostica [Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics], 1992, no. 5–6, pp. 50–52. (in Russ.)
11. Kolykhmatov V.I., Kaminskiy Yu.M., Golovachev A.I. [Dynamics of Intensity of Competitive Activity of High-Qualified Athletes in a Ski Sprint]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named After P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 8 (114), pp. 83–88. (in Russ.)
12. Kuznik B.I. [Blood Groups and the Homeostasis System]. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya [Hematology and Transfusiology], 2010, no. 1, vol. 55, pp. 32–36. (in Russ.)
13. Lysenko E.N. [Prediction of Physical Working Capacity and Reaction of Cardiorespiratory System Under Aerobic Loads in High-Class Athletes]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 4, pp. 33–38. (in Russ.)
14. Maleev D.O., Potapov V.N. [Physical Preparation of Skiers-Racers of High Qualification Using Artificial Hypoxic Training Means]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2016, no. 3, pp. 74–77. (in Russ.)
15. Mokhan R., Glesson M., Grinkhaff P.L. Biokhimiya myshechnoy deyatel'nosti i fizicheskoy trenirovki [Biochemistry of Muscular Activity and Physical Training], Transl. from Engl. Kiev, Olympic Literature Publ., 2001. 294 p.
16. Nasledov A.D. SPSS 15: Professional'nyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykhv [SPSS 15: Professional Statistical Analysis of Data]. St. Peterburg, Peter Publ., 2008. 416 p.
17. Popov D.V., Vinogradova O.L. [Aerobic Performance. The Role of Oxygen Delivery, its Utilization and Activation of Glycolysis]. Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk [Progress in the Physiological Sciences], 2012, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 30–47. (in Russ.)
18. Proskurina S.E., Petrova K.A., Kharlamova A.D., Kreshi E., Nikol'skiy E.E., Zinchenko V.P., Berezhnova A.V. [Investigation of the Specificity of Inhibition Mediated by Glutamate and Glycine for Various Molecular forms of Acetylcholinesterase in Neuromuscular Synapses in Mammals]. Sbornik statey retseptory i vnutrikletochnaya organizatsiya [Collection of Articles, Receptors and Intracellular Organization], 2015, pp. 400–404. (in Russ.)
19. Seluyanov V.N. Podgotovka beguna na srednie distantsii: uchebnoe posobie [Preparation of a Runner for Medium Distances. Manual]. Moscow, TVT division Publ., 2007. 112 p.
20. Uilmor Dzh.Kh., Kostill D.L. Fiziologiya sporta i dvigatel'noy aktivnosti [Physiology of Sport and Motor Activity]. Kiev, Olympic Literature Publ., 2001. 506 p.
21. Farfel' V.V. Upravlenie dvizheniem v sporte [Movement Control in Sports]. Moscow, Physical Training and Sports Publ., 1975. 175 p.
22. Fatkullina L.D., Molochkina E.M., Zorina O.M., Podchufarova D.E., Gavrilova S.I., Fedorova Ya.B., Klyushnik T.P., Burlakova E.B. [Parameters of Membrane Structure and Activity of Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase in Patients with Soft Cognitive Decline Syndrome]. Nevrologii i psikhiatrii [Neurology and Psychiatry], 2013, no. 6, pp. 62–67. (in Russ.)
23. Chawla S., Saxena S. Physiology of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Resonance, 2014, vol. 19, pp. 538–548. DOI: 10.1007/s12045-014-0057-3
24. Losnegard Т., Hallen J. Physiological Differences Between Sprint and Distance-Specialized Cross-Country Skiers. Int. Journal Sports Physiol. Perform., 2014, no. 9 (1), pp. 25–31.
25. Millet G. Counterpoint: Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces/Does not Induce Different Responses from Normobaric Hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol., 2012, vol. 112, pp. 1788–1794. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2012
26. Mounier R., Brugniaux J.V. Hypobaric Hypoxia Does not Induce Different Responses from Normobaric Hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012, vol. 112 (10), pp. 1784–1786. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00067.2012a
27. Rubtsov A.M. Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation of the Activity of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca-Release Channels (Ryanodine Receptors). Muscle Fatigue, and Severin's Phenomenon. Biochemistry. Moscow, 2001, no. 10, vol. 66, pp. 1132–1143. DOI: 10.1023/A:1012485030527
28. Saltin B. Success in CC Skiing: No Longer Just a Question of a High Aerobic Capacity. 6 International Congress on Science and Skiing, 2013. St. Christoph a. Arlberg, Austria, 2013. 14 p.
29. Sandbakk O., Grasaas C.A., Grasaas E. Physiological Determinants of Sprint and Distance Performance Level in Elite Cross-Country Skiers. 6 International Congress on Science and Skiing, 2013. St. Christoph a. Arlberg Austria, 93 p.
2. Blokhina N.A., Milyutina Yu.P., Korenevskiy A.V. [Serotonin Content in Platelets of Healthy Newborns]. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney [Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases], 2010, no. 4, vol. LIX, pp. 35–38. (in Russ.)
3. Burshteyn A.E. Biofizika myshechnogo sokrashcheniya [Biophysics of Muscle Contraction]. Moscow, 1966. 120 p.
4. Gerasimov I.G. [Approaches to the Estimation of the Parameters of the Spectrum of the Activity of Hydrogen Ions in Biological Fluids I. Electrochemical Method]. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy [Herald of New Medical Technologies], 2006, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 136–138. (in Russ.)
5. Grushin A.A., Batalov A.G., Son'kin V.D. [Functional Performance Indicators and Athletic Performance in Elite Skiers-Racer]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 3, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
6. Dvoskin A.S. [Technical and Tactical Actions of Qualified Skiers-Riders of Sprinters]. Nauchnoteoreticheskiy zhurnal “Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta” [Scientific-Theoretical Journal Uchenye Zapiski Universiteta name P.F. Lesgaft], 2010, no. 6 (64), pp. 18–22. (in Russ.)
7. Dolgov M.A., Kosarev A.V. [Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Contraction and Relaxation of Muscle Tissue and Its Energy Supply]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Orenburg State University], 2005, no. 10, vol. 2, pp. 14–17. (in Russ.)
8. Zelenkova I.E., Zotkin S.V., Grushin A.A., Aikina V.A., Zagurskogo N.S. [Comparative Evaluation of the Methods of Normo- and Hypobaric Hypoxia in Training Athletes]. Sovremennaya sistema sportivnoy podgotovki v biatlone. Materialy V Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Modern System of Sports Training in Biathlon. Materials of the V All–Russian Scientific and Practical Conference], 2016, pp. 79–95. (in Russ.)
9. Isaev A.P., Korol'kov V.V., Erlikh V.V., Arakelyan A.L., Turanina S.V. [The Role of Connective Tissue in Intensive Training Influences in the Formation of Homeostasis and Physical Performance in Athletes of the Olympic Reserve]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2011, no. 4, pp. 20–22. (in Russ.)
10. Karas' S.I., Makarova E.V., Yazykov K.G. [Dynamics of Serotonin Content in Human Platelets]. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostica [Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics], 1992, no. 5–6, pp. 50–52. (in Russ.)
11. Kolykhmatov V.I., Kaminskiy Yu.M., Golovachev A.I. [Dynamics of Intensity of Competitive Activity of High-Qualified Athletes in a Ski Sprint]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific Notes of the University Named After P.F. Lesgaft], 2014, no. 8 (114), pp. 83–88. (in Russ.)
12. Kuznik B.I. [Blood Groups and the Homeostasis System]. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya [Hematology and Transfusiology], 2010, no. 1, vol. 55, pp. 32–36. (in Russ.)
13. Lysenko E.N. [Prediction of Physical Working Capacity and Reaction of Cardiorespiratory System Under Aerobic Loads in High-Class Athletes]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 4, pp. 33–38. (in Russ.)
14. Maleev D.O., Potapov V.N. [Physical Preparation of Skiers-Racers of High Qualification Using Artificial Hypoxic Training Means]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2016, no. 3, pp. 74–77. (in Russ.)
15. Mokhan R., Glesson M., Grinkhaff P.L. Biokhimiya myshechnoy deyatel'nosti i fizicheskoy trenirovki [Biochemistry of Muscular Activity and Physical Training], Transl. from Engl. Kiev, Olympic Literature Publ., 2001. 294 p.
16. Nasledov A.D. SPSS 15: Professional'nyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykhv [SPSS 15: Professional Statistical Analysis of Data]. St. Peterburg, Peter Publ., 2008. 416 p.
17. Popov D.V., Vinogradova O.L. [Aerobic Performance. The Role of Oxygen Delivery, its Utilization and Activation of Glycolysis]. Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk [Progress in the Physiological Sciences], 2012, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 30–47. (in Russ.)
18. Proskurina S.E., Petrova K.A., Kharlamova A.D., Kreshi E., Nikol'skiy E.E., Zinchenko V.P., Berezhnova A.V. [Investigation of the Specificity of Inhibition Mediated by Glutamate and Glycine for Various Molecular forms of Acetylcholinesterase in Neuromuscular Synapses in Mammals]. Sbornik statey retseptory i vnutrikletochnaya organizatsiya [Collection of Articles, Receptors and Intracellular Organization], 2015, pp. 400–404. (in Russ.)
19. Seluyanov V.N. Podgotovka beguna na srednie distantsii: uchebnoe posobie [Preparation of a Runner for Medium Distances. Manual]. Moscow, TVT division Publ., 2007. 112 p.
20. Uilmor Dzh.Kh., Kostill D.L. Fiziologiya sporta i dvigatel'noy aktivnosti [Physiology of Sport and Motor Activity]. Kiev, Olympic Literature Publ., 2001. 506 p.
21. Farfel' V.V. Upravlenie dvizheniem v sporte [Movement Control in Sports]. Moscow, Physical Training and Sports Publ., 1975. 175 p.
22. Fatkullina L.D., Molochkina E.M., Zorina O.M., Podchufarova D.E., Gavrilova S.I., Fedorova Ya.B., Klyushnik T.P., Burlakova E.B. [Parameters of Membrane Structure and Activity of Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase in Patients with Soft Cognitive Decline Syndrome]. Nevrologii i psikhiatrii [Neurology and Psychiatry], 2013, no. 6, pp. 62–67. (in Russ.)
23. Chawla S., Saxena S. Physiology of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Resonance, 2014, vol. 19, pp. 538–548. DOI: 10.1007/s12045-014-0057-3
24. Losnegard Т., Hallen J. Physiological Differences Between Sprint and Distance-Specialized Cross-Country Skiers. Int. Journal Sports Physiol. Perform., 2014, no. 9 (1), pp. 25–31.
25. Millet G. Counterpoint: Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces/Does not Induce Different Responses from Normobaric Hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol., 2012, vol. 112, pp. 1788–1794. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2012
26. Mounier R., Brugniaux J.V. Hypobaric Hypoxia Does not Induce Different Responses from Normobaric Hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012, vol. 112 (10), pp. 1784–1786. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00067.2012a
27. Rubtsov A.M. Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation of the Activity of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca-Release Channels (Ryanodine Receptors). Muscle Fatigue, and Severin's Phenomenon. Biochemistry. Moscow, 2001, no. 10, vol. 66, pp. 1132–1143. DOI: 10.1023/A:1012485030527
28. Saltin B. Success in CC Skiing: No Longer Just a Question of a High Aerobic Capacity. 6 International Congress on Science and Skiing, 2013. St. Christoph a. Arlberg, Austria, 2013. 14 p.
29. Sandbakk O., Grasaas C.A., Grasaas E. Physiological Determinants of Sprint and Distance Performance Level in Elite Cross-Country Skiers. 6 International Congress on Science and Skiing, 2013. St. Christoph a. Arlberg Austria, 93 p.
References on translit
1. Al'fonsova E.V. [Change in Some Indicators of the Homeostasis System in Lactate Acidosis]. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya [Fundamental Research], 2013, no. 5 (2), pp. 240–244. (in Russ.)2. Blokhina N.A., Milyutina Yu.P., Korenevskiy A.V. [Serotonin Content in Platelets of Healthy Newborns]. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney [Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases], 2010, no. 4, vol. LIX, pp. 35–38. (in Russ.)
3. Burshteyn A.E. Biofizika myshechnogo sokrashcheniya [Biophysics of Muscle Contraction]. Moscow, 1966. 120 p.
4. Gerasimov I.G. [Approaches to the Estimation of the Parameters of the Spectrum of the Activity of Hydrogen Ions in Biological Fluids I. Electrochemical Method]. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy [Herald of New Medical Technologies], 2006, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 136–138. (in Russ.)
5. Grushin A.A., Batalov A.G., Son'kin V.D. [Functional Performance Indicators and Athletic Performance in Elite Skiers-Racer]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki [Herald of Sports Science], 2013, no. 3, pp. 3–9. (in Russ.)
6. Dvoskin A.S. [Technical and Tactical Actions of Qualified Skiers-Riders of Sprinters]. Nauchnoteoreticheskiy zhurnal “Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta” [Scientific-Theoretical Journal Uchenye Zapiski Universiteta name P.F. Lesgaft], 2010, no. 6 (64), pp. 18–22. (in Russ.)
7. Dolgov M.A., Kosarev A.V. [Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Contraction and Relaxation of Muscle Tissue and Its Energy Supply]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Orenburg State University], 2005, no. 10, vol. 2, pp. 14–17. (in Russ.)
8. Zelenkova I.E., Zotkin S.V., Grushin A.A., Aikina V.A., Zagurskogo N.S. [Comparative Evaluation of the Methods of Normo- and Hypobaric Hypoxia in Training Athletes]. Sovremennaya sistema sportivnoy podgotovki v biatlone. Materialy V Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Modern System of Sports Training in Biathlon. Materials of the V All–Russian Scientific and Practical Conference], 2016, pp. 79–95. (in Russ.)
9. Isaev A.P., Korol'kov V.V., Erlikh V.V., Arakelyan A.L., Turanina S.V. [The Role of Connective Tissue in Intensive Training Influences in the Formation of Homeostasis and Physical Performance in Athletes of the Olympic Reserve]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture], 2011, no. 4, pp. 20–22. (in Russ.)
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Published
2017-12-01
How to Cite
Bakhareva, A., Isaev, A., Maleev, D., & Aminov, A. (2017). PHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF THE SPEED OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF TYPE I MUSCLE FIBERS IN RACING SKIERS. Human. Sport. Medicine, 17(S), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm17s03
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Section
Physiology
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